HANK GREENBERG AUTOGRAPH HALL OF FAME INDUCTION PLAQUE POSTCARD SIGNED

Description: HANK GREENBERG AUTOGRAPH HALL OF FAME INDUCTION PLAQUE POSTCARD SIGNED Henry Benjamin Greenberg, nicknamed "Hammerin' Hank", "Hankus Pankus", and "the Hebrew Hammer", was an American professional baseball player and team executive. He played in Major League Baseball, primarily for the Detroit Tigers as a first baseman in the 1930s and 1940s. Henry Benjamin Greenberg (January 1, 1911 – September 4, 1986), nicknamed "Hammerin' Hank", "Hankus Pankus", and "the Hebrew Hammer", was an American professional baseball player and team executive. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB), primarily for the Detroit Tigers as a first baseman in the 1930s and 1940s. A member of the Baseball Hall of Fame and a two-time Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award winner, he was one of the premier power hitters of his generation and is widely considered one of the greatest sluggers in baseball history. Greenberg played the first twelve of his 13 major league seasons for Detroit; with the Tigers, he was an All-Star for four seasons and was named the American League (AL) Most Valuable Player in 1935 and 1940. He had a batting average over .300 in eight seasons, and won two World Series championships with the Tigers (1935 and 1945). He was the AL home run leader four times and his 58 home runs for the Tigers in 1938 equaled Jimmie Foxx's 1932 mark for the most in one season by anyone other than Babe Ruth, and tied Foxx for the most home runs between Ruth's record 60 in 1927 and Roger Maris' record 61 in 1961. Greenberg was the first major league player to hit 25 or more home runs in a season in each league, and remains the AL record-holder for most runs batted in in a single season by a right-handed batter. When the United States joined World War II, Greenberg was the first major leaguer to join the armed forces; he spent 47 months in military service, more than any other major league player, all of which took place during what would have been prime years in his major league career. Like many players who served in WWII, his career statistics suffered because of the war and would have certainly been higher had he not served in the armed services during wartime. In 1947, Greenberg signed a contract for a record $85,000 salary before being sold to the Pittsburgh Pirates, where he played his final MLB season that year. After retiring from playing, Greenberg continued to work in baseball as a team executive for the Cleveland Indians and Chicago White Sox. Greenberg was the first Jewish superstar in American team sports. He attracted national attention in 1934 in the middle of a pennant race when he grappled with the decision of whether or not to play baseball on the Jewish High Holy Days; after consultation with his rabbi, he decided to play on Rosh Hashanah, but refused to play on Yom Kippur, instead spending the day at the synagogue. Having endured his share of antisemitic abuse in his career, Greenberg was one of the few opposing players to publicly welcome African-American player Jackie Robinson to the major leagues in 1947. Early life Greenberg was born on January 1, 1911, in Greenwich Village, New York City, to Romanian Jewish immigrant parents from Bucharest, Sarah (née Schwartz) (1881–1951) and David Greenberg (1883–1969). He was the third of four children and had two brothers, Ben (1906–1994) and Joe (1915–2001), and a sister, Lillian (1907–1989). His parents had originally wanted to name him "Hyman"; however, the name on his birth certificate was erroneously listed as "Henry".[1] The family owned a successful cloth-shrinking plant in New York. Eventually, they moved from Greenwich Village to the Bronx where Greenberg attended James Monroe High School. There, Greenberg was an outstanding all-around athlete and was bestowed with the long-standing nickname of "Bruggy" by his basketball coach.[2] His preferred sport was baseball, and his preferred position was first base. However, his best sport was basketball and he helped the high school basketball team win the city championship. Greenberg also excelled at soccer and track and field.[3] In 1929, the 18-year-old 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) Greenberg was recruited by the New York Yankees, who already had Lou Gehrig at first base. As first base was already taken on the Yankee team, Greenberg turned down the Yankees' offer and instead attended New York University on an athletic scholarship; there, he was a member of Sigma Alpha Mu. During this time, he also had a tryout with the New York Giants; Giants manager John McGraw, however, was not impressed by the first baseman. Hence, after his freshman year ended, Greenberg signed with the Detroit Tigers for $9,000 ($164,000 today).[4] Professional career Minor leagues Greenberg played minor league baseball for three years. He played 17 games in 1930 for the Hartford Senators of the Eastern League before playing the remainder of the year with the Raleigh Capitals of the Piedmont League, hitting .314 with 19 home runs. In 1931, he played for the Evansville Hubs in the Illinois–Indiana–Iowa League, hitting .318 with 15 home runs and 85 runs batted in. In 1932, the Beaumont Exporters in the Texas League, he hit 39 homers with 131 RBIs, winning the league's Most Valuable Player award, and leading Beaumont to the Texas League title.[5] Major leagues Early years On September 14, 1930, Greenberg made his major league debut as a pinch hitter against the New York Yankees. It was the only game he appeared in that year but, as a result, made him the youngest player (19) to appear in the major leagues in 1930.[6] It was another three years before he rejoined the majors. In 1933, for the Tigers, Greenberg hit .301 with 87 runs batted in. At the same time, he was third in the league in strikeouts (78).[7] In 1934, his second season in the majors, Greenberg hit .339 and helped the Tigers reach their first World Series in 25 years. He led the league in doubles, with 63 (the fourth-highest all-time in a single season), and extra-base hits (96). Additionally, he was third in the AL in slugging percentage (.600) – behind Jimmie Foxx and Lou Gehrig, but ahead of Babe Ruth – and in RBIs (139), sixth in batting average (.339), seventh in home runs (26), and ninth in on-base percentage (.404).[7] Greenberg and heavyweight boxer Joe Louis in 1935 Late in the 1934 season, he announced that he would not play on September 10, which was Rosh Hashanah, the Jewish New Year, or on September 19, the Day of Atonement, Yom Kippur. Detroit fans grumbled at the decision, however, with one reportedly saying, "Rosh Hashanah comes every year but the Tigers haven't won the pennant since 1909." As a result, Greenberg did considerable soul-searching, and discussed the matter with his rabbi and his father; finally he relented and agreed to play on Rosh Hashanah, but stuck with his decision not to play on Yom Kippur. Dramatically, Greenberg hit two home runs in a 2–1 Tigers victory over the Red Sox on Rosh Hashanah. The next day, the Detroit Free Press ran the Hebrew lettering for "Happy New Year" across its front page.[8] Columnist and poet Edgar A. Guest expressed the general opinion in a poem titled "Speaking of Greenberg", in which he used the Irish (and thus Catholic) names Murphy and Mulroney. The poem ends with the lines: "We shall miss him on the infield and shall miss him at the bat. But he's true to his religion — and I honor him for that." The Detroit press was not so kind regarding the Yom Kippur decision, nor were many fans, but Greenberg in his autobiography recalled that he received a standing ovation from congregants at Congregation Shaarey Zedek when he arrived.[9] With Greenberg absent from the lineup, the Tigers lost to the New York Yankees 5–2. They went on to face the St. Louis Cardinals in the 1934 World Series, losing in seven games against the "Gashouse Gang".[10] In 1935, Greenberg led the league in RBIs (168), total bases (389), and extra base hits (98), tied Foxx for the AL title in home runs (36), was 2nd in the league in doubles (46), slugging percentage (.628), was 3rd in the league in triples (16), and in runs scored (121), 6th in on-base percentage (.411) and walks (87), and was 7th in batting average (.328). He was unanimously voted as the Most Valuable Player in the American League.[11] By the All-Star break that season, Greenberg had hit 25 home runs and set an MLB record (still standing) of 103 RBIs, but was not selected to the AL All-Star roster; one reason was that AL manager Mickey Cochrane had put himself on the All-Star roster despite eventually not playing in the game.[12] That season, Greenberg led the Tigers to another pennant. However, during Game 2, he sprained his wrist and was sidelined for the remainder of the series as the Tigers won their first World Series title.[13] In April 1936, Greenberg re-injured his wrist in a collision with Jake Powell of the Washington Senators and did not play the remainder of the season. He finished the season with 16 hits, 1 home run, and 15 RBIs in 12 games.[7] In 1937, Greenberg recovered from his injury and was voted to the AL All-Star roster, but did not play. On September 19, 1937, he hit the first home run into the center-field bleachers at Yankee Stadium. He led the AL by driving in 184 runs (third all-time, behind Hack Wilson in 1930 and Lou Gehrig in 1931), and in extra-base hits (103), while batting .337 with 200 hits. He was second in the league in home runs (40), doubles (49), total bases (397), slugging percentage (.668), and walks (102), third in on-base percentage (.436), and seventh in batting average (.337). Greenberg came in third in the vote for MVP, behind teammate Charlie Gehringer and Joe DiMaggio.[7] Seven of the American League's 1937 All-Star players, from left to right: Lou Gehrig, Joe Cronin, Bill Dickey, Joe DiMaggio, Charlie Gehringer, Jimmie Foxx, and Greenberg. All seven would be elected to the Hall of Fame. A prodigious home run hitter, Greenberg narrowly missed breaking Babe Ruth's single-season home run record in 1938, when he hit 58 home runs, leading the league for the second time.[7] That year, he had 11 games with multiple home runs, a new major league record. Greenberg matched what was then the single-season home run record by a right-handed batter, (Jimmie Foxx, 1932); the mark stood for 66 years until it was broken by Sammy Sosa and Mark McGwire in 1998. Greenberg also had a 59th home run washed away in a rainout. It has been long speculated that Greenberg was intentionally walked late in the season to prevent him from breaking Ruth's record, but Greenberg dismissed this speculation, calling it "crazy stories". Howard Megdal has calculated that in September 1938, Greenberg was walked in over 20% of his plate appearances, above his average for the season.[14] Baseball historian Ron Kaplan, while not dismissing antisemitism's role in Greenberg's decreased home run rate, states that there was nothing different in the way Greenberg was pitched to in the final days of the 1938 season.[15] Greenberg was again voted to the AL All-Star roster in 1938, but because he was not named to the 1935 AL All-Star roster and was benched in the 1937 game, he declined to accept a starting position on the 1938 AL team and did not play (the NL won 4–1). He led the league in runs scored (144) and at-bats per home run (9.6), tied for the AL lead in walks (119), was second in RBIs (146), slugging percentage (.683), and total bases (380), and third in OBP (.438) and set a still-standing major league record of 39 homers in his home park, the newly re-configured Briggs Stadium. He also set a major-league record with 11 multiple-home run games and came in third in the vote for MVP, behind Jimmie Foxx and Bill Dickey.[7] In 1939, Greenberg was voted to the AL All-Star roster for the third year in a row and was a starter at first base, and singled and walked in four at-bats (AL won 3–1). He finished second in the AL in home runs (33) and strikeouts (95), third in doubles (42) and slugging percentage (.622), fourth in RBIs (112), sixth in walks (91), and ninth in on-base percentage (.420).[7] After the 1939 season ended, Greenberg was asked by general manager Jack Zeller to take a salary cut of $5,000 ($110,000 today) as a result of his off-year in power and run production. He was asked to move from first base to the outfield to accommodate Rudy York, who was one of the best young hitters of his generation; York was tried at catcher, third baseman, and outfielder and proved to be a defensive liability at each position. Greenberg in turn, demanded a $10,000 bonus if he mastered the outfield, insisting he was the one taking the risk in learning a new position. Greenberg received his bonus at the end of spring training.[16] Hank Greenberg in action for the Detroit Tigers in 1940 In 1940, Greenberg switched from playing the first base position to the left field position. For the fourth consecutive time, he was voted by the season's American All-Star team manager Joe McCarthy to the AL All-Star team. In the bottom of the sixth inning, Greenberg and Lou Finney were sent into the game to replace right fielder Charlie Keller and left fielder Ted Williams, with Greenberg playing in left field and Finney in right field. Greenberg batted twice in the game and fouled out to the catcher twice. The NL won the game 4–0, the first All-Star Game shutout.[17] That season, Greenberg led the AL in home runs for the third time in six years with 41; in RBIs (150), doubles (50), total bases (384), extra-base hits (99), at-bats per home run (14.0), and slugging percentage (.670; 44 points ahead of Joe DiMaggio). Greenberg finished second in the league to Williams in runs scored (129) and OBP (.433), all while batting .340 (fifth-best in the AL).[7] He also led the Tigers to the AL pennant, and won his second AL MVP award, becoming the first player in major-league history to win an MVP award at two different playing positions.[11] However, the Tigers subsequently lost the 1940 World Series against the Cincinnati Reds in seven games.[18] Greenberg admitted in his autobiography after his career ended that he had taken part in sign stealing in September 1940 season, which was inspired by teammates Tommy Bridges and Pinky Higgins, who noticed that the new rifle they used for their hunt had a telescopic lens that could read signs when in the stands in the outfield. He also said that sign stealing was going on in the 1948 Cleveland Indians and the 1959 Chicago White Sox teams.[19] World War II service Greenberg's military ID photo On October 16, 1940, Greenberg became the first American League player to register for the nation's first peacetime draft. In the spring of 1941, the Detroit draft board initially classified Greenberg as 4F for "flat feet" after his first physical for military service and was recommended for light duty. The rumors that he had bribed the board, and concern that he would be likened to Jack Dempsey who had received negative publicity for failure to serve in World War I, led Greenberg to request to be reexamined. On April 18, he was found fit for regular military service and was reclassified.[20] On May 7, 1941, he was inducted into the U.S. Army after playing left field in 19 games and reported to Fort Custer at Battle Creek, Michigan.[20] His salary was cut from $55,000 ($1,196,000 today) a year to $21 ($500 today) a month.[21] In November, while serving as an anti-tank gunner, he was promoted to sergeant, but was honorably discharged on December 5 (the United States Congress released men aged 28 years and older from service), two days before Japan bombed Pearl Harbor.[22] After the bombing of Pearl Harbor and the United States officially joining the war effort, Greenberg re-enlisted as a sergeant on February 1, 1942, and volunteered for service in the Army Air Forces, becoming the first major league player to do so. He graduated from Officer Candidate School and was commissioned as a first lieutenant in the Air Corps (the new "Air Force" service retained the old name for its own logistics and training elements) and was assigned to the Physical Education Program.[20] In February 1944, he was sent to the U.S. Army Special Services school. Promoted to captain, he requested overseas duty later that year and served in the China-Burma-India Theater for over six months, scouting locations for B-29 bomber bases and was a physical training officer with the 58th Bomber Wing. He was a Special Services officer of the 20th Bomber Command, 20th Air Force in China when it began bombing Japan on June 15. He was ordered to New York, and in late 1944, to Richmond, Virginia. Greenberg served 47 months, the longest of any major league player.[23] Return to baseball Greenberg remained in military uniform until he was placed on the military inactive list and discharged from the U.S. Army on June 14, 1945. He was the first major league player to return to the majors after the war. In his first game back on July 1, he hit a home run. The 1945 All-Star Game, scheduled for July 10, had been officially cancelled on April 24 and Major League Baseball did not name All-Stars that season due to strict travel restrictions in place during the last days of the war. In place of the All-Star Game, seven interleague games were played on July 9 and 10 to benefit the American Red Cross and the War Relief fund. An Associated Press All-Star roster was named for the AL and NL by a group of their sportswriters that included Greenberg as one of the All-Stars.[24] Greenberg, who played left field in 72 games and batted .311 in 1945, helped lead the Tigers to a come-from-behind American League pennant, clinching it with a dramatic grand slam home run in the ninth inning on the final day of the season against the St. Louis Browns, avoiding a one-game playoff against the now-second-place Washington Senators.[25] The Tigers went on to beat the Cubs in the 1945 World Series in seven games. Greenberg hit two of the only three home runs hit in that World Series, with Phil Cavarretta hitting one for the Cubs in Game 1. Greenberg homered in Game 2, where he batted in three runs in a 4–1 Tigers win, and hit a two-run homer in in the eighth inning of Game 6 that tied the score 8–8; the Cubs went on to win that game with a run in the bottom of the 12th.[26] In 1946, he returned to peak form and playing at first base. He led the AL in home runs (44) and RBIs (127), both for the fourth time. He was second in slugging percentage (.604) and total bases (316) behind Ted Williams.[7] Greenberg with the Pirates in 1947 In 1947, Greenberg and the Tigers had a lengthy salary dispute. When Greenberg decided to retire rather than play for less, Detroit sold his contract to the Pittsburgh Pirates. To persuade him not to retire, Pittsburgh made Greenberg the first baseball player to make $100,000 in a season as pure salary. Team co-owner Bing Crosby recorded a song, "Goodbye, Mr. Ball, Goodbye" with Groucho Marx and Greenberg to celebrate Greenberg's arrival. The Pirates also reduced the size of Forbes Field's cavernous left field, renaming the section "Greenberg Gardens" to accommodate Greenberg's pull-hitting style.[27] Greenberg played first base for the Pirates in 1947 and his time there coincided with the arrival of Jackie Robinson in the Major Leagues. He was one of the few opposing players to publicly welcome Robinson to the majors at a time when most opposing players were openly hostile. Greenberg himself had faced hostilities from opposing players and spectators who often shouted antisemitic slurs at him during games and, hence, knew what Robinson was going through.[28] During a game against the Brooklyn Dodgers, he collided with Robinson while covering first base. Afterwards, Greenberg asked if Robinson was alright and encouraged him to "Stick in there. You’re doing fine. Keep your chin up." Robinson later praised Greenberg, saying, "Class tells. It sticks out all over Mr. Greenberg."[29] That year he also had a chance to mentor a young future Hall-of-Famer, the 24-year-old Ralph Kiner. Greenberg was impressed by the rookie, later saying of him, "Ralph had a natural home run swing. All he needed was somebody to teach him the value of hard work and self-discipline. Early in the morning on off-days, every chance we got, we worked on hitting." Kiner would go on to hit 51 home runs that year to lead the National League and ended his career with 369 home runs, eventually being elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame.[30] In his final season of 1947, Greenberg tied for the league lead in walks with 104, with a .408 on-base percentage and finished eighth in the league in home runs and tenth in slugging percentage. Greenberg became the first major league player to hit 25 or more home runs in a season in each league. Despite still being productive, Greenberg decided to retire as a player to take a front-office post with the Cleveland Indians. No player had ever retired after a final season in which they hit so many home runs. Since then, only Ted Williams (1960; 29), Dave Kingman (1986; 35), Mark McGwire (2001; 29), Barry Bonds (2007; 28) and David Ortiz (2016; 38) have hit as many or more homers in their final season.[7] Player profile Career overall He was one of the truly great hitters, and when I first saw him at bat, he made my eyes pop out. — Joe DiMaggio.[31] It is speculated that, had it not been for his service in World War II, Greenberg would likely have approached 500 home runs and 1,800 RBIs; he missed all but 19 games of the 1941 season, the three full seasons that followed, and most of 1945 to World War II military service.[32] Starring as a first baseman and outfielder with the Tigers (1930, 1933–46) and doing duty only briefly with the Pirates (1947), Greenberg played nine full seasons. He compiled 331 home runs, 1,046 runs and 1,276 RBI in 1,394 games. Greenberg was also an excellent contact hitter, earning a lifetime batting average of .313. During his career, he was named to the All-Star Team four times, and won the AL Most Valuable Player Award twice, in 1935 and 1940.[7] As a fielder, the 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) Greenberg was awkward and unsure of himself early in his career, but mastered first base through countless hours of practice. Over the course of his career he demonstrated a higher-than-average fielding percentage and range at first base. When asked by the Tigers' front office to move to left field in 1940 to make room for Rudy York, he worked tirelessly to master that position as well, reducing his errors in the outfield from 15 in 1940 to 0 in 1945.[7] CategoryGABRH2B3BHRRBISBCSBBSOBAOBPSLGOPSPOAEDPFLD%Ref. Total1,3945,1931,0461,628379713311,2765830852844.313.412.6051.01711,023741122974.990[7] Antisemitism During his career, Greenberg faced a number of incidents of antisemitism, including having players stare at him because they had never before seen a Jew and having racial slurs thrown at him by both spectators and opposing players. Greenberg sometimes retaliated against the racial attacks, once going into the Chicago White Sox clubhouse and challenging manager Jimmy Dykes to a fight. On another occasion he called out the entire Yankees team, daring the perpetrator to reveal himself.[33] In the 1935 World Series, umpire George Moriarty warned three Chicago Cubs players to stop yelling antisemitic slurs at Greenberg and eventually cleared the players from the Cubs bench. Moriarty was disciplined for this action by then-commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis.[34] Greenberg initially resented being singled out as a Jewish ballplayer and, unlike his parents, was not a particularly observant Jew. However, he later accepted his place in baseball, saying: When I was playing, I used to resent being singled out as a Jewish ballplayer. I wanted to be known as a great ballplayer, period. I'm not sure why or when I changed, because I'm still not a particularly religious person. Lately, though, I find myself wanting to be remembered not only as a great ballplayer, but even more as a great Jewish ballplayer.[35] At 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) and towering above his contemporaries, he disproved the commonly held stereotype that Jews were not athletic and did not belong in sports. His decision to not play on Yom Kippur at a time of rampant antisemitism in the United States, and around the world, was significant and made him a hero in the American Jewish community. Sandy Koufax, who did not play in Game 1 of the 1965 World Series because it fell on Yom Kippur, has often pointed out that his decision to not play was not unprecedented: "Hank Greenberg did it first."[36] Post-playing career Management and ownership After the 1947 season, Greenberg retired as a player, and Cleveland Indians owner Bill Veeck hired him as the Indians' farm director. When Veeck was forced to sell the Indians due to a divorce settlement, new owner Ellis Ryan retained Greenberg, promoting him to general manager.[37] During his tenure, he sponsored more African American players than any other major league executive. Greenberg's contributions to the Cleveland farm system led to the team's successes throughout the 1950s, although Bill James once wrote that the Indians' late 1950s collapse should also be attributed to him.[38] In 1949, Larry Doby also recommended Greenberg scout three players Doby used to play with in the Negro leagues: Hank Aaron, Ernie Banks, and Willie Mays. The next offseason Doby asked what Indians' scouts said about his recommendations. Greenberg replied: "Our guys checked 'em out and their reports were not good. They said that Aaron has a hitch in his swing and will never hit good pitching. Banks is too slow and didn't have enough range [at shortstop], and Mays can't hit a curveball."[39] Greenberg as general manager of the Cleveland Indians in 1957 While Ryan had initially been content to leave baseball matters to Greenberg, he tried to seize greater control after the 1952 season, when the Indians suffered a drop in attendance despite coming within two games of the pennant. The Indians board sided with Greenberg, prompting Ryan to sell out to a group headed by Myron H. Wilson, who voiced full confidence in Greenberg. Under Wilson, Greenberg's role as operating head of the franchise was cemented to the point that he represented the Indians at owners meetings alongside vice president and board member George Medinger. During this time, he and Pirates owner John W. Galbreath helped negotiate an amended player pension plan in which the players got 60% of television revenues from the All-Star Game and World Series.[40] In 1953, he was partly responsible for an important change to baseball's waivers rule. In previous seasons, once a player passed through waivers in his team's league (AL or NL), any team from the other league could acquire him, a detail the Yankees used to often outbid other AL teams for NL players. Greenberg successfully campaigned for a new rule that, after June 15, required players to pass through waivers in both leagues before teams in the other league could attempt to obtain them.[41] Greenberg's influence grew even more in 1956 when he joined a syndicate headed by Bill Daley that bought the Indians from Wilson. Although Greenberg had been operating head of the franchise since 1950, this was the first time that he had been a part-owner. However, in 1957, he was forced to resign as general manager, as he put it, "in order to satisfy a hostile press." He remained a part-owner, however, and in 1958 tried to buy out Daley and become principal owner. He intended to serve as his own general manager if successful. However, Daley and several other directors bought him out.[42] In 1959, Greenberg and Veeck teamed up for a second time when they led a syndicate that purchased the Chicago White Sox; Veeck served as team president with Greenberg as vice president and general manager. During Veeck and Greenberg's first season, the White Sox won their first AL pennant since 1919. Veeck would sell his shares in the White Sox in 1961, and Greenberg stepped down as general manager on August 26 of that season.[43] After the 1960 season, the American League announced plans to put a team in Los Angeles. Greenberg immediately became the favorite to become the new team's first owner and persuaded Veeck to join him as his partner. However, when Los Angeles Dodgers owner Walter O'Malley got wind of these developments, he threatened to scuttle the whole deal by invoking his exclusive rights to operate a major league team in southern California. In truth, O'Malley wanted no part of competing against an expansion team owned by a master promoter such as Veeck, even if he was only a minority partner. Greenberg wouldn't budge and pulled out of the running for what became the Los Angeles Angels. Greenberg later became a successful investment banker, briefly returning to baseball as a minority partner with Veeck when the latter repurchased the White Sox in 1975.[44] In 1970, when St. Louis Cardinals outfielder Curt Flood challenged Major League Baseball’s reserve clause, Greenberg was amongst the few baseball players to openly support him, and testified on his behalf.[45] Personal life Greenberg with his first wife Caral Gimbel in Lakeland, Florida While he grew up in an Orthodox Jewish household, Greenberg himself was not an observant Jew and later raised his children in a secular household.[46] In 1946, Greenberg married Caral Gimbel, daughter of Bernard Gimbel of the Gimbels department store family. The couple had three children: sons Glenn and Stephen, and daughter Alva. The marriage was not a happy one, however, and they eventually divorced in 1958. In 1966, Greenberg married actress Mary Jo Tarola, who appeared on-screen under the stage name "Linda Douglas", and remained with her until his death. They had no children.[47] Greenberg died of metastatic kidney cancer in Beverly Hills, California, on September 4, 1986. His remains were entombed at Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery, in Culver City, California.[48] His son, Stephen played baseball at Yale University. He was drafted by and played five years in the Washington Senators/Texas Rangers organization.[49] He later served as deputy commissioner of Major League Baseball, having been offered the job by MLB Commissioner Bart Giamatti just before the latter's death in 1989. In 1995, Stephen co-founded Classic Sports Network with Brian Bedol, which was later purchased by ESPN and became ESPN Classic. He also was the chairman of College Sports Television (CSTV), the first cable network devoted exclusively to college sports.[50] Honors Hank Greenberg's number 5 was retired by the Detroit Tigers in 1983. Greenberg was elected to National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1956 on his eighth ballot, garnering 85% of the votes. He was the first player of Jewish descent elected to the Hall of Fame.[51] On June 12, 1983, the Detroit Tigers retired Greenberg's number 5 during "Greenberg-Gehringer Day" at Tiger Stadium, along with former teammate Charlie Gehringer's number 2. Both Greenberg and Gehringer attended the ceremony.[52] In 1999, he was ranked No. 37 by The Sporting News on its list of "Baseball's 100 Greatest Players",[53] and was a nominee for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team the same year. In 2020, Greenberg was ranked by The Athletic at No. 67 on its "Baseball 100" list, complied by sportswriter Joe Posnanski.[54] Greenberg was elected to the Michigan Sports Hall of Fame in 1958.[55] Additionally, he was elected to the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 1979,[56] and to the National Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 1995.[57] In 2013, the Bob Feller Act of Valor Award honored Greenberg as one of 37 Baseball Hall of Fame members for his service in the United States Army Air Force during World War II.[58] In an article in 1976 in Esquire magazine, sportswriter Harry Stein published an "All Time All-Star Argument Starter", consisting of five ethnic baseball teams. Greenberg was the first baseman on Stein's Jewish team.[59] In 2006, Greenberg was featured on a United States postage stamp. The stamp is one of a block of four honoring "baseball sluggers", the others being Mickey Mantle, Mel Ott, and Roy Campanella.[60] In 1998, Greenberg was the subject of a documentary which was directed and written by Aviva Kempner entitled The Life and Times of Hank Greenberg.[61] In 2010, he was again one of the main subjects of the film Jews and Baseball: An American Love Story, alongside Hall of Famer Sandy Koufax of the Los Angeles Dodgers. The film was directed by Peter Miller and written by Ira Berkow.[62] See also Major League Baseball titles leaders List of Major League Baseball home run records List of Major League Baseball doubles records List of Major League Baseball career batting average leaders List of Major League Baseball career home run leaders List of Major League Baseball career runs scored leaders List of Major League Baseball career runs batted in leaders List of Major League Baseball career on-base percentage leaders List of Major League Baseball career slugging percentage leaders List of Major League Baseball annual home run leaders List of Major League Baseball annual runs scored leaders List of Major League Baseball annual runs batted in leaders List of Major League Baseball annual doubles leaders List of select Jewish baseball players The Detroit Tigers are an American professional baseball team based in Detroit. The Tigers compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member of the American League (AL) Central Division. One of the AL's eight charter franchises, the club was founded in Detroit as a member of the minor league Western League in 1894 and is the only Western League team still in its original city. They are also the oldest continuous one name, one city franchise in the AL.[6] Since their establishment as a major league franchise in 1901, the Tigers have won four World Series championships (1935, 1945, 1968, and 1984), 11 AL pennants (1907, 1908, 1909, 1934, 1935, 1940, 1945, 1968, 1984, 2006, 2012), and four AL Central division championships (2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014). They also won division titles in 1972, 1984, and 1987 as a member of the AL East. Since 2000, the Tigers have played their home games at Comerica Park in Downtown Detroit. The Tigers constructed Bennett Park at the corner of Michigan Avenue and Trumbull Avenue in Corktown just west of Downtown Detroit and began playing there in 1896. In 1912, the team moved into Navin Field, which was built on the same location. It was expanded in 1938 and renamed Briggs Stadium. It was renamed Tiger Stadium in 1961 and the Tigers played there until 1999. From 1901 to 2023, the Tigers' overall win–loss record is 9,590–9,491–93 (.503).[7] The franchise's best winning percentage was .656 in 1934, while its worst was .265 in 2003. Franchise history Main article: History of the Detroit Tigers Western League beginnings (1894–1900) 1900 Detroit Tigers team photo The franchise was founded as a member of the reorganized Western League in 1894.[8] They originally played at Boulevard Park, sometimes called League Park. It was located on East Lafayette, then called Champlain Street, between Helen and East Grand Boulevard, near Belle Isle.[9] In 1895, owner George Vanderbeck decided to build Bennett Park at the corner of Michigan and Trumbull Avenues, which would remain the team's base of operations for the next 104 seasons.[10][11] The first game at The Corner was an exhibition on April 13, 1896. The team, now occasionally called the "Tigers," beat a local semi-pro team, known as the Athletics, by a score of 30–3.[10][11] The Tigers played their first Western League game at Bennett Park on April 28, 1896, defeating the Columbus Senators 17–2.[10][11] At the end of the 1897 season, Rube Waddell was loaned to the team to gain professional experience. After being fined, Waddell left Detroit to pitch in Canada.[12] When the Western League renamed itself the American League for 1900, it was still a minor league, but the next year, it broke from the National Agreement and declared itself a major league, openly competing with the National League for players and for fans in four contested cities.[13][14][15] For a while, there were rumors of the team relocating to Pittsburgh. However, these rumors were put to rest when the two leagues made peace in 1903 when they signed a new National Agreement.[16] First Major League season (1901) Logo (1901 to 1902) The Tigers were established as a charter member of the now major league American League in 1901.[17] They played their first game as a major league team at home against the Milwaukee Brewers on April 25, 1901, with an estimated 10,000 fans at Bennett Park.[14][18] After entering the ninth inning behind 13–4, the team staged a dramatic comeback to win 14–13.[18] The team finished third in the eight-team league.[19] That initial season they were the first major league team to have a mascot—a red tiger on a dark background—on their ballcap. It was replaced by the letter "D" in 1903, and their iconic Olde English-style letterform appeared the following year.[20] The Cobb era (1905–1926) 1905 Ty Cobb in 1913 In 1905, the team acquired 18-year-old Ty Cobb, a fearless player who came to be regarded as one of the greatest players of all time. The addition of Cobb to an already talented team that included Sam Crawford, Hughie Jennings, Bill Donovan and George Mullin quickly yielded results.[21] 1907 American League Champions Main article: 1907 Detroit Tigers season Behind the hitting of outfielders Ty Cobb (.350) and Sam Crawford (.323), and the pitching of Bill Donovan and Ed Killian (25 wins each), the Tigers went 92–58 to win the AL pennant in 1907 by 1.5 games over the Philadelphia Athletics.[22][23] They moved on to their first World Series appearance against the Chicago Cubs.[24][25] Game 1 ended in a rare 3–3 tie, called due to darkness after 12 innings.[24][25] The Tigers scored only three runs in the succeeding four games, never scoring more than one run in a game, and lost the Series, 4–0.[24] 1908 American League Champions Main article: 1908 Detroit Tigers season 1908 World Series program The Tigers won the AL by just a half-game over the 90–64 Cleveland Naps with a 90–63 record.[26] Cobb hit .324, while Sam Crawford hit .311 with 7 home runs, which was enough to lead the league in the "dead ball" era.[27] The Cubs, however, would defeat the Tigers again in the 1908 World Series, this time in five games.[28] This would be the Cubs' last World Championship until 2016.[29] 1909 American League Champions Main article: 1909 Detroit Tigers season In 1909, Detroit posted a 98–54 season, winning the AL pennant by 3.5 games over the Athletics.[30] Ty Cobb won the batting triple crown in 1909, hitting .377 with 9 home runs (all inside-the-park) and 107 RBIs.[31][32] He also led the league with 76 stolen bases.[32] George Mullin was the pitching hero, going 29–8 with a 2.22 ERA, while fellow pitcher Ed Willett went 21–10.[33] Mullin's 11–0 start in 1909 was a Tigers record for 104 years, finally being broken by Max Scherzer's 13–0 start in 2013.[34][35][36] It was hoped that a new opponent in the 1909 Series, the Pittsburgh Pirates, would yield different results. The Tigers performed better in the Fall Classic, taking Pittsburgh to seven games, but they were blown out 8–0 in the decisive game at Bennett Park.[37] 1910–1914 The Tigers dropped to third place in the American League in 1910 with an 86–68 record.[38] They posted 89 wins in 1911 to finish second, but were still well behind a powerhouse Philadelphia Athletics team that won 101 games.[39] The team sunk to a dismal sixth place in both the 1912 and 1913 seasons.[40][41] A bright spot in 1912 was George Mullin pitching the franchise's first no-hitter in a 7–0 win over the St. Louis Browns on July 4, his 32nd birthday.[42] Cobb went into the stands in a May 15, 1912, game to attack a fan that was abusing him, and was suspended. Three days later, the Tigers protested the suspension by fielding a team of replacement players against the Philadelphia Athletics. They lost 24–2.[43] During this five-season stretch, Cobb posted batting averages of .383, .420, .409, .390 and .368, winning the AL batting title every year.[44] 1915 Main article: 1915 Detroit Tigers season In 1915, the Tigers won a then-club record 100 games, but narrowly lost the AL pennant to the Boston Red Sox, who won 101 games.[45] The 1915 Tigers were led by an outfield consisting of Ty Cobb, Sam Crawford, and Bobby Veach that finished #1, #2, and #3 in RBIs and total bases.[46] Cobb also set a stolen base record with 96 steals in 1915 that stood until 1962, when it was broken by Maury Wills.[47] Baseball historian Bill James has ranked the 1915 Tigers outfield as the greatest in the history of baseball.[46] The only team in Tigers' history with a better winning percentage than the 1915 squad was the 1934 team that lost the World Series to the St. Louis Cardinals.[48] 1916–1920 The Tigers dropped to third place in 1916 with an 87–67 record, and would remain mired in the middle of the AL standings the rest of the decade, never winning more than 80 games.[49][50][51][52][53] In the late teens and into the 1920s, Cobb continued to be the marquee player, though he was pushed by budding star outfielder Harry Heilmann, who went on to hit .342 for his career.[54] Hughie Jennings left the Tigers after the 1920 season, having accumulated 1,131 wins as a manager.[55] This stood as a Tiger record until 1992, when it was broken by Sparky Anderson.[56] Cobb himself took over managerial duties in 1921, but during his six years at the helm, the Tigers topped out at 86 wins and never won a pennant.[57][58][59] 1921 Main article: 1921 Detroit Tigers season In 1921, the Tigers amassed 1,724 hits and a team batting average of .316, the highest team hit total and batting average in AL history.[60] That year, outfielders Harry Heilmann and Ty Cobb finished #1 and #2 in the American League batting race with batting averages of .394 and .389, respectively.[61] The downfall of the 1921 Tigers, however, was the absence of good pitching. The team ERA was 4.40.[62] Without pitching to support the offense, the 1921 Tigers finished in sixth place in the American League at 71–82, 27 games behind the New York Yankees.[63] On August 19, 1921, Cobb collected his 3,000th career hit off Elmer Myers of the Boston Red Sox. Aged 34 at the time, he is still the youngest player to reach that milestone, also reaching it in the fewest at-bats (8,093).[64][65] 1922–1926 The Tigers continued to field good teams during Ty Cobb's tenure as player-manager, finishing as high as second in 1923, but lack of quality pitching kept them from winning a pennant.[58][66] Harry Heilmann hit .403 in 1923, becoming the last AL player to top .400 until Ted Williams hit .406 in 1941.[67] In 1925, Heilmann collected six hits in a season-ending doubleheader to win the batting title, finishing at .393 to Tris Speaker's .389.[68][69] Cobb announced his retirement in November 1926 after 22 seasons with the Tigers, though he would return to play two more seasons with the Philadelphia Athletics.[57][58] The Tigers break through (1927–1940) Hank Greenberg 1927–1933 Though the Tigers struggled with mediocre records in the seven years following Cobb's departure, they were building a solid foundation, adding slugging first baseman Hank Greenberg and pitchers Tommy Bridges and Schoolboy Rowe to a lineup that already included second baseman Charlie Gehringer.[70] In 1927, Harry Heilmann flirted with a .400 batting average all year, eventually finishing at .398 and winning his fourth AL batting title.[71] Following the 1933 season, the Tigers added perhaps the final piece of the puzzle, acquiring catcher Mickey Cochrane from the Philadelphia Athletics to serve as player-manager.[70] 1934 American League Champions Main article: 1934 Detroit Tigers season The Tigers won the 1934 AL pennant with a 101–53 record, at the time a team record for wins, and still the best win percentage (.656) in team history.[48] The Tigers infield (Hank Greenberg and Charlie Gehringer, along with shortstop Billy Rogell and third baseman Marv Owen) accumulated 462 runs during the season, with Gehringer (214 hits, .356 average) leading the way.[72][73] Schoolboy Rowe led a strong pitching staff, winning 16 straight decisions at one point of the season and finishing with a 24–8 record.[74] The Tigers would fall in the 1934 World Series in seven games to the "Gashouse Gang" St. Louis Cardinals.[70][75] After winning a tight battle in Game 5 with a 3–1 decision over Dizzy Dean, Detroit took a 3–2 series lead, but would lose the next two games at Navin Field (Tiger Stadium).[75] For the second time in a World Series Game 7, Detroit folded. St. Louis scored seven times in the third inning off starter Elden Auker and a pair of relievers, while Dean baffled the Tiger hitters en route to an 11–0 victory.[70][75][76][77] The final game was marred by an ugly incident. After spiking Tigers third baseman Marv Owen in the sixth inning, Cardinals left fielder Joe Medwick had to be removed from the game for his own safety by Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis after being pelted with debris from angry fans in the large temporary bleacher section in left field.[70][75][76] 1935 World Series Champions Main article: 1935 Detroit Tigers season The Tigers 1935 lineup featured four future Hall of Famers (Hank Greenberg, Mickey Cochrane, Goose Goslin and Charlie Gehringer).[78] Although they did not challenge the 1934 team's 101 wins, their 93–58 record was good enough to give them the AL pennant by three games over the New York Yankees.[79] Greenberg was named AL MVP after hitting .328 and leading the league in home runs (36), extra-base hits (98) and RBIs (168).[80][81] Incredibly, Greenberg's RBI total was 48 higher than the next closest player (Lou Gehrig, with 120).[81] The Tigers also got strong contributions from Gehringer (.330), Cochrane (.319) and starting pitchers Tommy Bridges (21–10) and Elden Auker (18–7).[82] The Tigers finally won their first World Series, defeating the Chicago Cubs, 4–2. Game 6 concluded with Goslin's dramatic walk-off RBI single, scoring Cochrane for a 4–3 victory.[70] After owner Frank Navin died in the offseason, Walter Briggs Sr. took over control of the team.[83][84] 1936–1939 Despite being forecast to win the American League pennant again in 1936,[85] the Tigers fell to a distant second place behind the New York Yankees both that season and in 1937.[86][87] The team fell further down the standings with an 84–70 record in 1938 and an 81–73 record in 1939.[88][89] Hank Greenberg nevertheless provided some excitement for Tigers fans in 1938 by challenging the single-season home run record held by Babe Ruth (60). He went into the season's final weekend against the Cleveland Indians with 58 home runs, tied with Jimmie Foxx for the most by a right-handed batter at the time, but he failed to homer.[90][91][92] During the final week of the 1938 season, the Tigers presciently held out doubts about a pennant in 1939, but figured that 1940 would be their year.[93] 1940 American League Champions Main article: 1940 Detroit Tigers season In a tight three-team race, the 90–64 Tigers won the 1940 AL pennant by one game over the Cleveland Indians and two games over the New York Yankees.[94] Prior to the season, first baseman Hank Greenberg was persuaded to move to left field to make room for Rudy York, whom the Tigers had deemed no longer suitable to be their catcher.[95] The move proved successful. York hit .316 with 33 home runs and 134 RBIs. Greenberg batted .340 and slammed 41 home runs while driving in 150.[96] Greenberg won his second AL MVP award, becoming the first major leaguer to win the award at two different positions.[95] Charlie Gehringer batted .313 while collecting 101 walks (for a .428 on-base percentage) and scoring 108 runs.[96] Bobo Newsom was the ace of the Tiger pitching staff in 1940, going 21–5 with a 2.83 ERA.[96] An unlikely hero on the mound this season was 30-year-old rookie Floyd Giebell. Making just his third major league start on September 27, Giebell was called upon to pitch the pennant-clinching game against Bob Feller of the Indians. Feller surrendered just three hits, one being a 2-run homer by Rudy York, while Giebell blanked the Tribe for a 2–0 victory.[97][98] The Tigers lost the 1940 World Series to the Cincinnati Reds in seven games.[99][100] Despite a heroic effort by Bobo Newsom, the Tigers came up short in the deciding game, losing 2–1.[99][100] Newsom's father had died in a Cincinnati hotel room after watching his son win Game 1.[99][100] An inspired Newsom won Game 5 and pitched Game 7 on just one day's rest.[99][100] This was the third time the Tigers had lost a World Series in a deciding seventh game.[100] The war years (1941–1945) Hal Newhouser With Hank Greenberg serving in World War II for all or parts of the 1941–1944 seasons, the Tigers struggled to recapture the glory of 1940.[101] They finished no higher than fifth place in 1941–1943, but did manage a second-place finish in 1944, largely on the strength of pitchers Hal Newhouser and Dizzy Trout, who won 29 and 27 games, respectively.[102][103][104][105][106] Newhouser, who was 29–9 with a 2.22 ERA, won the first of his two consecutive AL MVP awards this season.[106][107] The Tigers were in first place as late as September 18, but would finish one game behind the St. Louis Browns for the AL pennant.[105][108] 1945 World Series Champions Main article: 1945 Detroit Tigers season With the end of World War II and the timely return of Hank Greenberg and others from the military, the Tigers won the AL pennant by just 1.5 games over the Washington Senators with an 88–65 record.[109][110] Virgil Trucks returned from the U.S. Navy in time to pitch 5+1⁄3 innings of 1-run ball in the pennant-clinching game, with starter Hal Newhouser pitching the final 3+2⁄3 innings in relief. Newhouser won the pitching triple crown, leading the AL in wins (25), ERA (1.81) and strikeouts (212).[111] He became the first pitcher in the history of the AL, and still the only pitcher as of 2022, to win the MVP Award in two consecutive seasons.[112] With Newhouser, Trucks and Dizzy Trout on the mound and Greenberg leading the offense, Detroit responded in a World Series Game 7 for the first time, staking Newhouser to a 5–0 lead before he threw a pitch en route to a 9–3 victory over the Cubs.[113][114] Because many stars had not yet returned from the military, some baseball scholars have deemed the 1945 World Series to be among the worst-played contests in World Series history. For example, prior to the World Series, Chicago sportswriter Warren Brown was asked who he liked, and he answered, "I don't think either one of them can win."[115] A long drought (1946–1967) 1946–1950 Following their World Series win in 1945, the Tigers continued to have winning records for the remainder of the decade, finishing second in the AL three times, but never winning the pennant.[116][117][118][119][120] Hal Newhouser had another outstanding season in 1946, again leading the league in wins (26) and ERA (1.94) while striking out a career-high 275 batters. He nearly won his third straight AL MVP award, finishing second to Ted Williams, who had led the Boston Red Sox to 104 wins (12 games ahead of the second-place Tigers). Also in 1946, the Tigers acquired George Kell, a third baseman who would become a 10-time all-star and Hall of Famer.[121][122] He batted over .300 in eight straight seasons (1946–53), and finished with a career .306 average.[121][122] Kell won the batting title in a very close race with Ted Williams in 1949, going 2-for-3 on the last day of the season to edge out the Red Sox slugger, .34291 to .34276.[121][122][123] The 1950 season was particularly frustrating, as the Tigers posted a 95–59 record for a .617 winning percentage, the fourth-best in team history at the time. However, they finished that season three games behind a strong New York Yankees team that went on to sweep the Philadelphia Phillies in the World Series.[120][124] 1951–1960 Over the next 10 years, the Tigers sank to the middle and lower ranks of the American League. The team had only three winning records over this span and never finished higher than fourth place.[125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134] The last place 1952 team went 50–104 (.325), which was the worst season in Tigers history until the 2003 team lost 119 games.[135][136] Despite the dismal season, starter Virgil Trucks threw two no-hitters in 1952, becoming only the third pitcher in major league history to accomplish this feat.[137] 1952 also saw Tiger first baseman Walt Dropo get a hit in 12 consecutive plate appearances over a three-game stretch from July 14 to July 15, tying a major league record set by Johnny Kling in 1902.[138] Team owner Walter Briggs Sr. died in 1952. His son Walter Briggs Jr. inherited the team, but he was forced to sell it in 1956 to broadcast media owners John Fetzer and Fred Knorr.[139][140][141] Notwithstanding Detroit's fall in the standings, the decade saw the debut of outfielder Al Kaline in 1953. One of the few major league players who never played a day in the minor leagues, he would hit over .300 nine times in his career. He also made 15 All-Star teams, won 10 Gold Gloves, and featured one of the league's best arms in right field. In 1955, the 20-year-old Kaline hit .340 to become the youngest-ever batting champion in major league history.[142] 1958 saw the Tigers become the second to last team to integrate their roster when Dominican player Ozzie Virgil Sr. joined the team. Only the Boston Red Sox trailed the Tigers in integrating their roster.[143][144] 1961 Main article: 1961 Detroit Tigers season As the American League expanded from 8 to 10 teams, Detroit began its slow ascent back to success with an outstanding 1961 campaign. The Tigers led the majors in runs scored and won 101 games, a whopping 30-game improvement over the 71–83 1960 team, but still finished eight games behind the Yankees.[145] This marked one of the few times in major league history that a team failed to reach the postseason despite winning 100 or more games, though it had happened once before to the Tigers in 1915.[145] First baseman Norm Cash won the batting title with a .361 average, while teammate Al Kaline finished second.[145][146] Cash never hit over .286 before or after the 1961 season, and would later say of the accomplishment: "It was a freak. Even at the time, I realized that."[147] Cash's plate heroics, which also included 41 home runs and 132 RBI, might have earned him MVP honors were it not for New York's Roger Maris bashing a then record 61 homers the same season.[145] Cash also drew 124 walks for a league-leading .487 on-base percentage.[146] Tigers outfielder Rocky Colavito actually bettered Cash's home run and RBI totals, with 45 and 140, respectively.[148] The 1961 club featured two non-white starters, Bill Bruton and Jake Wood, and later in the 1960s, black players such as Willie Horton, Earl Wilson, and Gates Brown would contribute to Detroit's rise in the standings.[149][150][151][152][153] 1962–1966 Hall of Fame member Al Kaline, nicknamed "Mr. Tiger" (1953–1974), was an 18× All-Star As a strong nucleus developed, Detroit repeatedly posted winning records throughout the 1960s. In 1963, pitchers Mickey Lolich and Denny McLain entered the rotation.[154][155] Outfielders Willie Horton (1963), Mickey Stanley (1964) and Jim Northrup (1964) would also come aboard around this time.[151][156][157] The team managed a third-place finish during a bizarre 1966 season, in which manager Chuck Dressen and acting manager Bob Swift were both forced to resign their posts because of health problems.[158][159][160] Thereafter, Frank Skaff took over the managerial reins until the end of the season.[161] Both Dressen and Swift died during the year; Dressen died of a heart attack in August, while Swift died of lung cancer in October.[159][160] Following the season, the Tigers hired Mayo Smith to be their new manager.[162] 1967 Main article: 1967 Detroit Tigers season In 1967, the Tigers were involved in one of the closest pennant races in history. Because of rainouts, the Tigers were forced to play back-to-back doubleheaders against the California Angels over the final two days of the season.[163][164] They needed to sweep the doubleheader on the last day of the season to force a one-game playoff with the Boston Red Sox.[163][164] The Tigers won the first game, but lost the second, giving the Red Sox the pennant with no playoff.[163][164] Detroit finished the season at 91–71, one game behind Boston.[165] Starter Earl Wilson, acquired the previous season from the Red Sox, led the Tigers (and the major leagues) with 22 wins and would form a strong 1–2–3 combination with Denny McLain and Mickey Lolich over the next few years.[152][166] 1968–1972 Glory in '68: 1968 World Series Champions Main article: 1968 Detroit Tigers season The Tigers finally returned to the World Series in 1968. The team grabbed first place from the Baltimore Orioles on May 10 and would not relinquish the position, clinching the pennant on September 17 and finishing with a 103–59 record.[167] In a year that was marked by dominant pitching, starter Denny McLain went 31–6 (with a 1.96 ERA), the first time a pitcher had won 30 or more games in a season since Dizzy Dean accomplished the feat in 1934; no pitcher has accomplished it since.[168] McLain won the AL MVP and Cy Young Award for his efforts.[169][170] 1968 World Series Main article: 1968 World Series 1968 World Series program and tickets for Games 4 and 5 at Tiger Stadium In the 1968 World Series, the Tigers met the defending World Series champion St. Louis Cardinals, led by starter Bob Gibson, who had posted a modern-era record 1.12 ERA during the regular season, and speedy outfielder Lou Brock.[168][171][172] This was the first time the Tigers and Cardinals had met in the World Series since 1934.[173] The series was predicated with a bold decision by manager Mayo Smith to play center fielder Mickey Stanley at shortstop, replacing the slick fielding but weak hitting of Ray Oyler.[174][175] Stanley had never played shortstop before, but was a Gold Glover in the outfield and an excellent athlete.[174] Smith played him at short for the final nine games of the regular season and all seven World Series games, with Oyler only appearing as a late-inning defensive replacement.[174][175] This allowed Smith to play an outfield of Willie Horton, Jim Northrup and Al Kaline in every game.[174][175] In Game 1, Gibson completely shut down the Detroit lineup, striking out a World Series record 17 batters en route to an easy 4–0 win.[176][177] However, due in no small part to pitcher Mickey Lolich's victories in Games 2 and 5, the Tigers climbed back into the World Series.[178] Many fans believe the turning point came in the fifth inning of Game 5, with the Tigers down three games to one, and trailing in the game, 3–2. Left fielder Willie Horton made a perfect throw to home plate to nail Lou Brock, who tried to score from second base standing up, as catcher Bill Freehan blocked the plate with his foot.[178][179] The Tigers came back with three runs in the seventh to win that game, 5–3, and stay alive.[178][179] The Cardinals would not threaten to score the rest of this game, and scored only two more meaningless runs over the remainder of the series. In Game 6, McLain ensured a Game 7 by notching his only win of the World Series, a 13–1 blowout, despite pitching on only two days' rest.[178] Mickey Lolich was the 1968 World Series MVP In Game 7 at Busch Memorial Stadium, Lolich, also pitching on two days' rest, faced Gibson.[173] Both men pitched brilliantly, putting zeros up on the scoreboard for much of the game.[173] In the bottom of the sixth inning, the Cardinals looked primed to take the lead as Lou Brock singled to lead off the inning, only to be promptly picked off by Lolich.[173] One out later, Curt Flood followed with another single, and was also picked off by Lolich.[173] In the top of the seventh, an exhausted Gibson finally cracked, giving up two-out singles to Norm Cash and Willie Horton.[173] Jim Northrup then struck the decisive blow, lashing a triple to center field over the head of Flood, who appeared to misjudge how hard the ball was hit.[173] That scored both Cash and Horton; Northrup himself was then brought home by a Bill Freehan double.[173] Detroit added an insurance run in the ninth.[173] A ninth-inning solo home run by Mike Shannon was all the Cardinals could muster against Lolich as the Tigers took the game, 4–1, and the World Series, 4–3.[173][178] The Tigers became only the third team to ever win the World Series after being down 3–1.[173] For his three victories that propelled the Tigers to the championship, Lolich was named the World Series Most Valuable Player.[173][178] As of 2023, Lolich is the last pitcher to have three complete-game victories in a single World Series.[154][173] 1969–1971 1969 saw further expansion as both leagues realigned into two divisions of six teams, and the Tigers were placed in the American League East.[180][181] That year, Detroit failed to defend its title, despite Denny McLain having another outstanding season with a 24–9 campaign, earning him his second straight Cy Young Award (co-winner with Baltimore's Mike Cuellar).[182] The Tigers' 90 wins placed them a distant second in the division to a very strong Baltimore Orioles team, which had won 109 games.[181][183] The Tigers suffered a disappointing 1970 season, finishing fourth in the AL East with a 79–83 record.[184] Following the season, Mayo Smith was let go and was replaced by Billy Martin.[185][186][187] In a playing career that was primarily spent with the New York Yankees, Martin played his final games with the Minnesota Twins and stayed in that organization after his retirement.[187] He managed the Twins to an AL West Division title in 1969, but was fired after that season due to rocky relationships with his players, which included a legendary fight with pitcher Dave Boswell in an alley behind Detroit's Lindell AC sports bar.[187][188] Also during the offseason, Denny McLain, who had been suspended three times and had a 3–5 record, was part of an eight-player deal with the Washington Senators in what would turn out to be a heist for Detroit.[189][190][191][192] The Tigers acquired pitcher Joe Coleman, shortstop Eddie Brinkman and third baseman Aurelio Rodríguez.[189][191][192] Martin's Tigers posted 91 wins in 1971. However, they had to settle for a second-place finish behind the Orioles, who won 101 games to take their third straight AL East Division crown.[193] The season was highlighted by Mickey Lolich's 308 strikeouts, which led the AL and is still the single-season record in franchise history.[154] Lolich also won 25 games and posted a 2.92 ERA while throwing an incredible 376 innings and completing 29 of his 45 starts.[194][195] Coleman paid immediate dividends for Detroit, winning 20 games,[194] while McLain went 10–22 for the Senators and was out of baseball by the following season.[190][191][196] 1972 AL East Champions Main article: 1972 Detroit Tigers season Joe Coleman, Eddie Brinkman and Aurelio Rodríguez all played critical roles in 1972, when the Tigers captured their first AL East division title.[191][197] Oddities of the schedule due to an early season strike allowed the 86–70 Tigers to win the division by just 1⁄2 game.[197][198] Brinkman was named Tiger of the Year by the Detroit Baseball Writers, despite a .203 batting average, as he committed just 7 errors in 728 chances (.990 fielding percentage). He also had a streak of 72 games and 331 chances without an error during the season, both AL records for a shortstop.[199] Mickey Lolich was his steady self for the Tigers, winning 22 games with a sparkling 2.50 ERA, while Coleman won 19 and had a 2.80 ERA.[198] Starter Woodie Fryman, acquired on August 2, was the final piece of the puzzle as he went 10–3 over the last two months of the regular season and posted a minuscule 2.06 ERA.[200] Fryman was also the winning pitcher in the division-clinching game against the Boston Red Sox, a 3–1 victory on October 3.[200][201] 1972 ALCS Main article: 1972 American League Championship Series In the 1972 American League Championship Series, Detroit faced the American League West division champion Oakland Athletics, who had become steadily competitive ever since the 1969 realignment.[202] In Game 1 of the ALCS in Oakland, Mickey Lolich, the hero of '68, took the hill and allowed just one run over nine innings. The Athletics' ace, Catfish Hunter, matched Lolich, surrendering only a solo home run to Norm Cash, and the game went into extra innings.[202] Al Kaline hit a solo homer to break a 1–1 tie in the top of the 11th inning, only to be charged with a throwing error on Gonzalo Márquez's game-tying single in the bottom half of the frame that allowed Gene Tenace to score the winning run.[202] Blue Moon Odom shut down Detroit 5–0 in Game 2.[202] The end of Game 2 was marred by an ugly incident in which Tigers reliever Lerrin LaGrow hit A's shortstop and leadoff hitter Bert Campaneris on the ankle with a pitch. An angered Campaneris threw the bat at LaGrow, and LaGrow ducked just in time for the bat to sail over his head. Both benches cleared, and though no punches were thrown, both LaGrow and Campaneris were suspended for the remainder of the series. It was widely believed that Martin had ordered the pitch that hit Campaneris, who had three hits, two stolen bases and two runs scored in the game.[202][203] As the series shifted to Detroit, the Tigers caught their stride. Joe Coleman held the A's scoreless on seven hits in Game 3, striking out 14 batters in a 3–0 victory for the Tigers.[202][204] Game 4 was another pitchers' duel between Hunter and Lolich, resulting again in a 1–1 tie at the end of nine innings. Oakland scored two runs in the top of the 10th and put the Tigers down to their last three outs.[202] Detroit pushed two runs across the plate to tie the game before Jim Northrup came through in the clutch again. His single off Dave Hamilton scored Gates Brown to give the Tigers a 4–3 win and even the series at two games apiece.[202] A first-inning run on an RBI ground out from Bill Freehan, set up by a Gene Tenace passed ball that allowed Dick McAuliffe to reach third, gave Detroit an early lead in the deciding fifth and final game in Detroit.[202] Reggie Jackson's steal of home in the second inning tied it up, though Jackson was injured in a collision with Freehan and had to leave the game.[202] Tenace's two-out single to left field plated George Hendrick to give Oakland a 2–1 lead in the fourth inning. The run was controversial to many Tigers fans, as Hendrick was ruled safe at first base two batters prior to the Tenace hit. Hendrick appeared to be out by two steps on a grounder to short, but umpire John Rice ruled that Norm Cash pulled his foot off first base. Replays and photos, however, show that Cash did not pull his foot.[157][202] Thanks to that play and four innings of scoreless relief from Vida Blue, the A's took the AL pennant and a spot in the World Series.[202] A slow decline (1973–1978) Willie Horton (1963–1977) had his No. 23 retired by the club The 1973 season saw the Tigers drop to third place in the division, with an 85–77 record.[205] Joe Coleman posted another 23 wins, but the other Tiger starters had subpar seasons.[206] Willie Horton hit .316, but injuries limited him to just 111 games.[151] Jim Northrup posted the best batting average of his career (.307) but was inexplicably limited to part-time duty (119 games played), which Northrup attributed to an ongoing feud with Billy Martin that had actually started in the 1972 ALCS. Northrup even proclaimed to the press that Martin "took the fun out of the game."[157] Martin did not survive the 1973 season as manager. He was fired that September after ordering his pitchers to throw spitballs (and telling the press that he did so) in protest of opposing Cleveland Indians pitcher Gaylord Perry, whom Martin was convinced was doing the same.[187][207] Third base coach Joe Schultz served as interim manager for the remainder of the season.[207] A bright spot for the Tigers in 1973 was relief pitcher John Hiller, who marked his first full season since suffering a heart attack in 1971 by collecting a league-leading 38 saves and posting a brilliant 1.44 ERA.[208] Hiller's saves total would stand as a Tiger record until 2000, when it was broken by Todd Jones' 42 saves (Jones' record would later be broken by José Valverde's 49 saves in 2011).[208][209][210] After the season, the Tigers hired Ralph Houk to be their new manager. Houk served in that capacity for five full seasons, through the end of the 1978 season.[211] The roster of players who played under Houk were mostly aging veterans from the 1960s, whose performance had slipped from their peak years.[212] The Tigers did not have a winning season from 1974 to 1977, and their 57 wins in the 1975 season was the team's lowest since 1952.[213][214][215][216] Perhaps the biggest signal of decline for the Tigers was the retirement of Kaline following the 1974 season, after he notched his 3,000th career hit.[217][218] Kaline finished with 3,007 hits and was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in his first year of eligibility in 1980.[219][220] 1976: The Year of The Bird Mark "The Bird" Fidrych, 1976 AL Rookie of the Year Main article: 1976 Detroit Tigers season Tiger fans were provided a glimmer of hope when 21-year-old rookie Mark Fidrych made his debut in 1976.[221] Fidrych, known as "The Bird", was a colorful character known for talking to the baseball and other eccentricities.[221] During a game against the Yankees, Graig Nettles responded to Fidrych's antics by talking to his bat. After making an out, he later lamented that his Japanese-made bat did not understand him.[222] Fidrych entered the All-Star break at 9–2 with a 1.78 ERA, and was the starting pitcher for the American League in the All-Star Game played that year in Philadelphia to celebrate the American Bicentennial.[221] He finished the season with a record of 19–9 and an American League-leading ERA of 2.34.[221] Fidrych, the AL Rookie of the Year, was one of the few bright spots that year with the Tigers finishing next to last in the AL East in 1976.[215][221] Aurelio Rodríguez won the Gold Glove Award in 1976 at third base, snapping a streak in which Hall of Famer Brooks Robinson had won it for 16 consecutive seasons.[223] 1977–1978 Injuries to his knee, and later his arm, drastically limited Fidrych's appearances in 1977–78.[221] Perhaps more important, however, was the talent coming up through the Tigers farm system at the time. Jack Morris, Lance Parrish, Alan Trammell and Lou Whitaker all made their debuts in 1977, and would help the team to 88 wins in 1978, the only winning season under Houk.[224][225] The "Bless You Boys" era (1979–1987) Houk's immediate successor as Tigers manager in 1979 was Les Moss, but Moss would only last until June of that year.[226] From June 14, 1979, until the end of the 1995 season, the team was managed by George "Sparky" Anderson, one of baseball's winningest managers and winner of two World Series rings as manager of the Cincinnati Reds during their peak as The Big Red Machine.[227] When Anderson joined the Tigers in 1979 and assessed the team's young talent, he boldly predicted that it would be a pennant winner within five years.[228] Acerbic sports anchor Al Ackerman initiated the phrase "Bless You Boys". Originally used as a sarcastic remark, Ackerman's phrase would take on a new meaning in 1984.[229][230] The Roar of '84: 1984 World Series Champions Sparky Anderson was the manager of the Tigers from 1979 to 1995 Main article: 1984 Detroit Tigers season As in 1968, the Tigers' next World Series season would be preceded by a disappointing second-place finish, as the 1983 Tigers won 92 games to finish six games behind the Baltimore Orioles in the AL East.[231] The first major news of the 1984 season actually came in late 1983, when broadcasting magnate John Fetzer, who had owned the Tigers since 1957, sold the team to Domino's Pizza founder and CEO Tom Monaghan for $53 million.[232][233] The 1984 team got off to a 9–0 start highlighted by Jack Morris tossing a nationally televised no-hitter against Chicago in the fourth game of the season.[234][235] They stayed hot for most of the year, posting a 35–5 record over their first forty games and cruising to a franchise-record 104 victories.[236] The Tigers led the division from opening day until the end of the regular season and finished a staggering 15 games ahead of the second-place Toronto Blue Jays.[236] Closer Willie Hernández, acquired from the 1983 NL champion Philadelphia Phillies in the offseason, won both the Cy Young Award and AL MVP, a rarity for a relief pitcher.[237] 1984 ALCS Main article: 1984 American League Championship Series The Tigers faced the Kansas City Royals in the American League Championship Series. In Game 1, Alan Trammell, Lance Parrish and Larry Herndon went deep to crush the Royals 8–1 at Royals Stadium (now Kauffman Stadium).[238] In Game 2, the Tigers scored twice in the 11th inning when Johnny Grubb doubled off Royals closer Dan Quisenberry en route to a 5–3 victory.[239][240] The Tigers completed the sweep at Tiger Stadium in Game 3. Marty Castillo's third-inning RBI fielder's choice would be all the help Detroit would need. Milt Wilcox outdueled Charlie Leibrandt, and after Hernandez got Darryl Motley to pop out to preserve the 1–0 win, the Tigers were returning to the World Series.[239][241] 1984 World Series Main article: 1984 World Series In the NLCS, the San Diego Padres rallied from losing the first two games to overcome the Chicago Cubs and prevent a fifth Cubs-Tigers series. The Tigers would open the 1984 World Series on the road in San Diego.[242] In Game 1, Larry Herndon hit a two-run home run that gave the Tigers a 3–2 lead.[243] Jack Morris pitched a complete game with 2 runs on 8 hits, and Detroit drew first blood.[243][244] The Padres evened the series the next night despite pitcher Ed Whitson being chased after pitching 2⁄3 of an inning and giving up three runs on five Tiger hits.[243][245] Tigers starter Dan Petry exited the game after 4+1⁄3 innings when Kurt Bevacqua's three-run homer gave San Diego a 5–3 lead they would not relinquish.[243][245] When the series shifted to the Motor City, the Tigers took command. In Game 3, a two-out rally in the second inning, highlighted by Marty Castillo's 2-run homer, led to four runs and the yanking of Padres starter Tim Lollar after 1+2⁄3 innings.[243][246] The Padres never recovered, losing 5–2.[243][246] Eric Show continued the parade of bad outings in Game 4, getting bounced after 2+2⁄3 innings after giving up a pair of 2-run homers to World Series MVP Alan Trammell in his first two at-bats. Trammell's homers held up with the help of another Morris complete game, and the Tigers' 4–2 win gave them a commanding lead in the series.[243][247] Kirk Gibson, a Michigan State alumni, hit the clinching home run in Game 5 of the 1984 World Series In Game 5, Kirk Gibson's two-run shot in the first inning would be the beginning of another early end for the Padres' starter Mark Thurmond.[243][248][249] Although the Padres would pull back even at 3–3, chasing Petry in the fourth inning in the process, the Tigers retook the lead on a Rusty Kuntz sacrifice fly (actually a pop-out to retreating second baseman Alan Wiggins that the speedy Gibson was able to score on), and then went up 5–3 on a solo homer by Parrish.[243][248][249] Gibson came to bat in the eighth inning with runners on second and third and the Tigers clinging to a 5–4 lead.[243][248][249] A "Sounds of the Game" video made during the Series by MLB Productions captured this moment, and has been played on TV a number of times since then. Padres manager Dick Williams was shown in the dugout flashing four fingers, ordering an intentional walk, before San Diego reliever Goose Gossage summoned him to the mound. Sparky Anderson was seen and heard yelling to Gibson, "He don't want to walk you!", and making a swing-the-bat gesture.[250] As Anderson had suspected, Gossage threw a 1–0 fastball on the inside corner, and Gibson was ready. He launched the pitch into Tiger Stadium's right field upper deck for a three-run homer, giving the Tigers a four-run lead and effectively clinching the game and the series.[243][248][249][251] Aurelio López pitched 2+1⁄3 innings of relief and retired all seven batters he faced, earning the win. Despite allowing a rare run in the top of the 8th inning, Willie Hernández got the save as Tony Gwynn flew out to Larry Herndon to end the game, sending Detroit into a wild victory celebration.[243][248][249] 1984 World Series MVP, Alan Trammell (SS) The Tigers led their division wire-to-wire, from opening day and every day thereafter, culminating in the World Series championship. This had not been done in the major leagues since the 1955 Brooklyn Dodgers.[252] With the win, Anderson became the first manager to win the World Series in both leagues.[253] 1987 AL East Champions Main article: 1987 Detroit Tigers season After a pair of third-place finishes in 1985 and 1986,[254][255] the 1987 Tigers faced lowered expectations – which seemed to be confirmed by an 11–19 start to the season.[256] However, the team hit its stride thereafter and gradually gained ground on its AL East rivals.[256] This charge was fueled in part by the acquisition of pitcher Doyle Alexander from the Atlanta Braves in exchange for minor league pitcher John Smoltz. Alexander started 11 games for the Tigers, posting a 9–0 record and a 1.53 ERA. Smoltz, a Michigan native, went on to have a long and productive career, mostly with the Braves, and was ultimately inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2015.[256][257] Despite the Tigers' great season, they entered September neck-and-neck with the Toronto Blue Jays. The two teams would square off in seven hard-fought games during the final two weeks of the season. All seven games were decided by one run, and in the first six of the seven games, the winning run was scored in the final inning of play. At Exhibition Stadium, the Tigers dropped three in a row to the Blue Jays before winning a dramatic extra-inning showdown.[256] The Tigers entered the final week of the 1987 season 2.5 games behind.[256] After a series against the Baltimore Orioles, the Tigers returned home trailing by a game and swept the Blue Jays.[256] Detroit clinched the division in a 1–0 victory over Toronto in front of 51,000 fans at Tiger Stadium on October 4. Frank Tanana went all nine innings for the complete-game shutout, and outfielder Larry Herndon gave the Tigers their lone run on a second-inning home run. Detroit finished the season two games ahead of Toronto, securing the best record in the majors (98–64).[256][258] In what would prove to be their last postseason appearance until 2006, the Tigers were upset in the 1987 American League Championship Series by the 85–77 Minnesota Twins (who in turn won the World Series that year) 4–1.[256][258][259] The Twins clinched the series in Game 5 at Tiger Stadium, 9–5.[260] A new approach (1988–1995) Despite their 1987 division title victory, the Tigers proved unable to build on their success. The team lost Kirk Gibson to free agency in the offseason, but still spent much of 1988 in first place in the AL East. A late season slump left the team in second place at 88–74, one game behind the Boston Red Sox.[261][262] Cecil Fielder in 1996 In 1989, the team collapsed to a 59–103 record, worst in the majors.[263][264] The franchise then attempted to rebuild using a power-hitting approach, with sluggers Cecil Fielder, Rob Deer and Mickey Tettleton joining Trammell and Whitaker in the lineup (fitting for the team with the most 200+ home run seasons in baseball history).[265] In 1990, Fielder led the American League with 51 home runs (becoming the first player to hit 50 since George Foster in 1977, and the first AL player since Roger Maris and Mickey Mantle in 1961), and finished second in the voting for AL MVP.[266][267][268] He hit 44 home runs and collected 132 RBI in 1991, again finishing second in the AL MVP balloting.[269] Behind the hitting of Fielder and others, the Tigers improved by 20 wins in 1990 (79–83), and posted a winning record in 1991 (84–78).[270][271] However, the team lacked quality pitching, despite Bill Gullickson's 20 wins in 1991, and its core of key players began to age, setting the franchise up for decline.[272] Their minor league system was largely barren of talent as well, producing only a few everyday players during the 1990s.[273][274][275] Adding insult to injury, the Tigers and radio station WJR announced in December 1990 that they were not renewing the contract of long-time Hall of Fame play-by play announcer Ernie Harwell, and that the 1991 season would be Harwell's last with the team.[276] The announcement was met with resounding protests from fans, both in Michigan and around the baseball world.[277] 1992 saw the Tigers win only 75 games, with Fielder being one of the few bright spots as he won the AL RBI title for a third straight season (124).[278][279] In August 1992, the franchise was sold to Mike Ilitch, the President and CEO of Little Caesars Pizza who also owned the Detroit Red Wings.[280] One of Ilitch's first moves as the new owner was to rehire Ernie Harwell.[281] Late in the season, Sparky Anderson won his 1,132nd game as a Tiger manager, passing Hughie Jennings for the most all-time wins in franchise history.[56] The team also responded with an 85–77 season in 1993, but it would be their last winning season for a number of years.[282][283] On October 2, 1995, manager Sparky Anderson chose to not only end his career with the Tigers, but retire from baseball altogether.[284] Randy Smith era (1996–2002) From 1994 to 2005, the Tigers did not post a winning record, the longest sub-.500 stretch in franchise history.[282][283][285] In 1996, the Tigers lost a then-team record 109 games, under new general manager Randy Smith.[285][286][287] The only team in the majors to have a longer stretch without a winning season during this time were the Pittsburgh Pirates, who did not have a winning record in the years spanning 1993 to 2012.[288] The Tigers' best record over this span was 79–83, recorded in 1997 and 2000.[285] In 1998, the Tigers moved from the AL East, where they had been since the divisions were created in 1969, to the AL Central as part of a realignment necessitated by the addition of the expansion Tampa Bay Devil Rays.[289][290][291] The entrance sign of Comerica Park In 2000, the team left Tiger Stadium in favor of Comerica Park.[292] Soon after it opened, Comerica Park drew criticism for its deep dimensions, which made it difficult to hit home runs; the distance to left-center field (395 ft), in particular, was seen as unfair to hitters. This led to the nickname "Comerica National Park."[293] The team made a successful bid to bring in slugger Juan González from the Texas Rangers for the inaugural season at Comerica Park.[294] After four consecutive seasons of no fewer than 39 home runs, González only hit 22 homers in 2000. He cited Comerica Park's dimensions as a major reason why he turned down a multiyear contract extension.[295] In 2003, the franchise largely quieted the criticism by moving in the left-center fence to 370 feet (110 m), taking the flagpole in that area out of play, a feature carried over from Tiger Stadium.[296] In 2005, the team moved the bullpens to the vacant area beyond the left field fence and filled the previous location with seats.[297] In late 2001, Dave Dombrowski, former general manager of the 1997 World Series champion Florida Marlins, was hired as team president.[298] In 2002, the Tigers started the season 0–6, prompting Dombrowski to fire the unpopular Smith, as well as manager Phil Garner. Dombrowski then took over as general manager and named bench coach Luis Pujols to finish the season as interim manager.[299][300] The team finished 55–106. After the season was over, Pujols was let go.[301] Most losses in American League history (2003) Main article: 2003 Detroit Tigers season Dave Dombrowski hired popular former shortstop Alan Trammell to manage the team in 2003.[302] With fellow 1984 teammates Kirk Gibson and Lance Parrish on the coaching staff, the rebuilding process began.[136] On August 30, 2003, the Tigers' defeat at the hands of the Chicago White Sox caused them to join the 1962 New York Mets, who were a first year expansion team, as the only modern MLB teams to lose 100 games before September.[303] They avoided tying the 1962 Mets' modern MLB record of 120 losses only by winning five of their last six games of the season, including three out of four against the Minnesota Twins, who had already clinched the AL Central and were resting their stars.[136][304] Mike Maroth went 9–21, becoming the first pitcher to lose 20 games in more than 20 years.[305] Maroth, Jeremy Bonderman (6–19), and Nate Cornejo (6–17) were the top three pitchers in losses in the entire major leagues, the first time in history that this had occurred.[306][307][c] The Tigers finished 43–119, the worst record in franchise history.[136][304][307] This eclipsed the previous AL record of 117 losses set by the 1916 Philadelphia Athletics.[309] While the 2003 Tigers rank as the third worst team in major league history based on total losses, they fare slightly better based on winning percentage. Their .265 win percentage is the majors' sixth-worst since 1900.[306] Further information: List of worst Major League Baseball season records § Modern era (1900–present) Rebuilding the franchise (2004–2006) After the embarrassing 2003 season, the Tigers vowed to make changes.[304][310] Under Dave Dombrowski, the franchise demonstrated a willingness to sign marquee free agents.[311] In 2004, the team signed or traded for several talented but high-risk veterans, such as Fernando Viña, Rondell White, Iván Rodríguez, Ugueth Urbina, and Carlos Guillén, and the gamble paid off.[312][313][314][315][316] The 2004 Tigers finished 72–90, a 29-game improvement over the previous season.[136][317][318] This was the largest improvement in the AL since the Baltimore Orioles had a 33-game improvement from 1988 to 1989.[318] Prior to the 2005 season, the Tigers spent a large sum for two prized free agents, Troy Percival and Magglio Ordóñez.[319][320] On June 8, 2005, the Tigers traded pitcher Ugueth Urbina and infielder Ramón Martínez to the Philadelphia Phillies for Plácido Polanco.[321] The Tigers stayed on the fringes of contention for the AL wild card for the first four months of the season, but then faded badly, finishing 71–91.[318][322] The collapse was perceived as being due both to injuries and to a lack of player unity; Rodríguez in particular was disgruntled, taking a leave of absence during the season to deal with a difficult divorce.[318][323] Trammell, though popular with the fans, took part of the blame for the poor clubhouse atmosphere and lack of continued improvement, and he was fired at the end of the season.[318] A highlight of the 2005 campaign was Detroit's hosting of the Major League Baseball All-Star Game, its first since 1971.[324] In the Home Run Derby, Rodríguez finished second, losing to the Phillies' Bobby Abreu.[325] In October 2005, Jim Leyland, who managed Dombrowski's 1997 World Series champion Florida Marlins, replaced Trammell as manager; two months later, in response to Troy Percival's arm problems, closer Todd Jones, who had spent five seasons in Detroit (1997–2001), signed a two-year deal to return to the Tigers.[326][327] Veteran left-hander Kenny Rogers also joined the Tigers from the Texas Rangers in late 2005.[327] The return of the Tigers: 2006 American League Champions Magglio Ordóñez hit a walk-off home run to clinch the 2006 AL pennant Main article: 2006 Detroit Tigers season After years of futility, the 2006 season showed signs of hope. The impressive rookie campaigns of eventual AL Rookie of the Year Justin Verlander, centerfielder Curtis Granderson, and flamethrowing relief pitcher Joel Zumaya, coupled with a well-publicized early-season tirade by Leyland, helped the team explode and quickly rise to the top of the AL Central.[136][283] The team reached a high point when they were 40 games over .500, but a second half swoon started to raise questions about the team's staying power.[108][283] On August 27, a 7–1 victory over the Cleveland Indians gave the Tigers their 82nd victory and their first winning season since 1993.[283][328][329] On September 24, the Tigers beat the Kansas City Royals 11–4 to clinch their first playoff berth since 1987.[330][331] A division title seemed inevitable. All that was required was one win in the final five games of the season, which included three games against the Royals, whom the Tigers had manhandled much of the season. However, the Tigers lost all five games to finish 95–67, and the division title went to the 96–66 Minnesota Twins. The Tigers instead settled for the AL wild card.[332] The playoffs saw the Tigers beat the heavily favored New York Yankees 3–1 in the ALDS and sweep the Oakland Athletics in the 2006 ALCS, thanks to a walk-off home run in Game 4 by right fielder Magglio Ordóñez.[333][334] They advanced to the World Series, where they lost to the underdog St. Louis Cardinals in five games.[335] Falling short (2007–2010) Curtis Granderson in 2007 2007 Main article: 2007 Detroit Tigers season During the offseason, the Tigers traded for outfielder Gary Sheffield, who had been a part of the 1997 World Series champion Florida Marlins managed by Jim Leyland.[336] In addition to acquisitions, Dombrowski developed a productive farm system. Justin Verlander and Joel Zumaya, the most notable rookie contributors to the 2006 team, were followed by Andrew Miller, who was drafted in 2006 and called up early in the 2007 campaign, and minor leaguer Cameron Maybin, an athletic five-tool outfielder ranked #6 in Baseball America's 2007 Top 100 Prospects.[337] On June 12, Verlander threw the Tigers' first no-hitter since 1984 (Jack Morris) and the first in Comerica Park history, in a 4–0 win over the Milwaukee Brewers.[338] The Tigers had the best record in baseball in late July, but lost a few players to injuries and started to play poorly in the second half.[339][340][341][342] The Tigers were officially eliminated from playoff competition on September 26, 2007, when the New York Yankees clinched a wild card berth.[343][344] The Tigers, at 88–74, finished second in the AL Central.[345] Magglio Ordóñez captured the AL batting title in 2007 with a .363 average, becoming the first Tiger to win it since Norm Cash did so in 1961.[346] 2008 Main article: 2008 Detroit Tigers season Justin Verlander, June 2008 Going into the 2008 season, the franchise traded for prominent talent in Édgar Rentería (from the Atlanta Braves) and Miguel Cabrera and Dontrelle Willis (from the Florida Marlins).[347][348] However, the Tigers, who now boasted the second-highest team payroll in the majors at over $138 million,[349] began the regular season by losing seven straight games.[350] The Tigers climbed back, and at the midway point of the season, they were 42–40.[351] In the end, the team finished miserably, slumping to a 74–88 record.[352] Justin Verlander finished with his worst season as a pro, as he went 11–17 with a 4.84 ERA.[353] The Tigers also lost closer Todd Jones to retirement on September 25, 2008.[354] Despite the disappointing season, the team set an attendance record in 2008, drawing 3,202,654 customers to Comerica Park.[355] 2009 Main article: 2009 Detroit Tigers season Going into the 2009 season, the Tigers acquired starter Edwin Jackson from the 2008 AL Champion Tampa Bay Rays, and called up rookie and former #1 draft pick Rick Porcello.[356][357] Jackson was outstanding in the first half, making his first All-Star team, while Porcello was solid most of the year, posting a 14–9 record with a 3.96 ERA and displaying grit and maturity beyond his 20 years of age.[357][358] Justin Verlander bounced back from an off 2008 to win 19 games. He posted a 3.45 ERA and led the AL in strikeouts (269) to finish third in the AL Cy Young balloting.[359][360][361] Fernando Rodney assumed the closer role in spring training, replacing the retired Todd Jones.[362] Rodney responded with 37 saves in 38 tries, while Bobby Seay, Fu-Te Ni, Brandon Lyon, and Ryan Perry shored up the middle relief that plagued the team in 2007 and 2008.[359][363][364][365][366] Despite the improvements, the Tigers once again found themselves struggling to hold a lead in the AL Central. The team entered September with a 7-game lead in the division, but wound up tied with the Minnesota Twins at 86 wins by the final day of the regular season.[367][368] The season ended on October 6 with a 6–5 loss in 12 innings to the Twins in the tie-breaker game, leaving the Tigers with an 86–77 record.[368][369] The Tigers spent 146 days of the 2009 season in first place, but became the first team in Major League history to lose a three-game lead with four games left to play.[368][370] 2010 Main article: 2010 Detroit Tigers season Alex Avila, March 2010 Entering 2010, the Tigers parted ways with Curtis Granderson and Edwin Jackson as part of a three-way trade with the New York Yankees and Arizona Diamondbacks; in return they picked up outfield prospect Austin Jackson and pitchers Phil Coke, Max Scherzer and Daniel Schlereth.[371] Jackson made the Tigers opening day roster, and was American League Rookie of the Month for April.[372] 2010 also saw the debut of Brennan Boesch, who was named the AL Rookie of the Month for May and June.[373][374] At the All-Star break, the Tigers were a half-game out of first place in the AL Central, behind the Chicago White Sox.[375] However, a slow start after the break and injuries to three key players sent the Tigers into yet another second half tailspin.[376][377][378] The Tigers finished the season in third place with an 81–81 record, 13 games back of the division-winning Minnesota Twins.[378][379] While playing outstanding baseball at home, the Tigers were just 29–52 on the road.[380] Among the season highlights were Miguel Cabrera hitting .328 with 38 home runs and an AL-best 126 RBI, earning the AL Silver Slugger Award at first base and finishing second in the AL MVP race (earning 5 of 28 first-place votes).[381][382] Jackson (.293 average, 103 runs, 181 hits, 27 stolen bases) finished second in the AL Rookie of the Year voting.[383][384] Justin Verlander enjoyed another strong season (18–9 record, 3.37 ERA, 219 strikeouts).[383] The near-perfect game Main article: Armando Galarraga's near-perfect game On June 2, 2010, Armando Galarraga was pitching a perfect game against the Cleveland Indians with 2 outs in the top of the ninth inning when first-base umpire Jim Joyce made a controversial call, ruling Jason Donald safe at first. Video replay showed he was out.[385][386] A tearful Joyce later said, "I just cost that kid a perfect game. I thought he beat the throw. I was convinced he beat the throw, until I saw the replay."[386] Galarraga would later tell reporters that Joyce apologized to him directly and gave him a hug.[385] The next day, with Joyce umpiring home plate, Galarraga brought out the lineup card and the two shook hands.[387] Despite nationwide support for overturning the call, which included supportive statements from the Governor of Michigan and the White House, commissioner Bud Selig let the call stand. However, he said he would look into expanding instant replay in the future.[388] Division winners (2011–2014) 2011: First AL Central Championship Main article: 2011 Detroit Tigers season The Tigers returned much of their roster from 2010, while adding relief pitcher Joaquín Benoit, catcher/DH Victor Martinez, and starting pitcher Brad Penny.[389][390][391] On May 7, Verlander took a perfect game against the Toronto Blue Jays into the 8th inning. After a walk to J. P. Arencibia, Verlander coaxed a double-play grounder and went on to the 9th inning to complete his second career no-hitter by facing the minimum 27 batters. It was the seventh no-hitter in Tigers history.[392] On August 27, Verlander defeated the Minnesota Twins, 6–4, to become the first Tiger since Bill Gullickson in 1991 to win 20 games in a season. Verlander also became the first major league pitcher since Curt Schilling in 2002 to reach 20 wins before the end of August.[393] In May, the Tigers were as many as eight games back of the first place Cleveland Indians. However, they would start to play better.[394][395] The Tigers sent five players to the 2011 All-Star Game.[396] Catcher Alex Avila was voted in as a starter, while Justin Verlander, José Valverde and Miguel Cabrera were added as reserves.[396] Verlander was unavailable to play in the All-Star Game due to the rule where starting pitchers who play the Sunday beforehand are ineligible.[397] Shortstop Jhonny Peralta was later added to the All-Star team when the Yankees' Derek Jeter was unable to play due to injury.[396][398] As a three-way battle for the division title developed between the Tigers, Indians, and Chicago White Sox, the Tigers put together an 18–10 record in August to begin to pull away.[395][399] Starter Doug Fister, who was acquired at the trade deadline, provided an immediate spark, going 8–1 over the final two months of the season with a sparkling 1.79 ERA.[400][401] After a loss on September 1, the Tigers reeled off a 12-game winning streak to put any thoughts of another late-season collapse to rest. The streak consisted of four consecutive three-game sweeps over their AL Central Division rivals. It was the Tigers' longest winning streak since the 1934 team won 14 straight.[402] On September 16, the Tigers clinched the AL Central Division title with a 3–1 win over the Oakland Athletics. It was their first AL Central title since joining the division in 1998, and first division title of any kind since 1987.[394][395] Members of the 2011 Tigers won multiple statistical awards in 2011. Verlander won the pitching triple crown, leading the AL in wins (24), ERA (2.40) and strikeouts (250). On November 15, Verlander was a unanimous selection for the AL Cy Young Award.[403] In a much closer vote six days later, Verlander also won AL MVP, becoming the first pitcher to do so since Dennis Eckersley in 1992.[404] Valverde was the AL saves leader with 49 (in 49 save opportunities), winning the 2011 MLB Delivery Man of the Year Award.[210] Cabrera won the AL batting title with a .344 average, while also leading the AL in on-base percentage (.448) and doubles (48).[405][406] The Tigers beat the New York Yankees by a score of 3–2 in Game 5 of the ALDS, winning the series 3–2.[407] They advanced to the ALCS, but they lost to the defending AL Champion Texas Rangers, 4–2.[408] 2012: American League Champions Main article: 2012 Detroit Tigers season In 2012, Miguel Cabrera became the first Major League player to win the Triple Crown in 45 years. Delmon Young (left) and Prince Fielder (right) in 2012 In 2012, the Tigers looked to defend their 2011 AL Central Division title, with the hopes of earning a second consecutive playoff appearance. On January 24, the Tigers signed free agent All-Star first baseman Prince Fielder to a 9-year, $214 million contract.[409] The move came shortly after the Tigers learned that Víctor Martínez had torn his anterior cruciate ligament during offseason training in Lakeland, Florida, and would likely miss the entire 2012 season.[410] Miguel Cabrera moved back to his original position of third base, leading to the eventual release of veteran Brandon Inge on April 26.[411] On July 23, the Tigers acquired veteran second baseman Omar Infante, who played for Detroit in 2003–07, and starting pitcher Aníbal Sánchez from the Miami Marlins in exchange for starting pitcher Jacob Turner and two other minor leaguers.[412] At the midway point of the 2012 season, the Tigers were three games under .500 (39–42).[413] The team played much better in the second half and, after a fierce battle down the stretch with the Chicago White Sox, the Tigers clinched the AL Central division title on October 1 with a 6–3 win against the Kansas City Royals.[414] Coupled with the Tigers' division title in 2011, it marked the first back-to-back divisional titles in team history, and first back-to-back postseason appearances since 1934–35.[415] The Tigers concluded the season with an 88–74 record.[416] On the final day of the season, Cabrera earned the Triple Crown in batting, leading the AL in batting average (.330), home runs (44), and runs batted in (139). No player had accomplished this feat since Carl Yastrzemski in 1967.[417] On the mound, starters Justin Verlander and Max Scherzer finished first and second among the American League strikeout leaders, with 239 and 231, respectively.[418] Verlander (17–8, 2.64 ERA) finished second in the Cy Young Award balloting to David Price of the Tampa Bay Rays.[419] In the American League Division Series, the Tigers defeated the Oakland Athletics, 3–2, earning their second straight trip to the American League Championship Series.[420] The Tigers completed a four-game sweep of the New York Yankees in the ALCS to win their 11th AL pennant and earn a trip to the World Series.[421] In the World Series, the Tigers were swept by the San Francisco Giants.[422] On November 15, 2012, Cabrera was named AL MVP.[423] 2013: American League title defense Main article: 2013 Detroit Tigers season The Tigers entered the 2013 season looking to defend their 2012 AL pennant. Key acquisitions in the offseason included signing free agent outfielder Torii Hunter to a two-year, $26 million contract,[424] while also signing their 2012 trade deadline acquisition, pitcher Aníbal Sánchez, to a five-year, $80 million deal.[425] The Tigers also signed free agent catcher Brayan Peña to a one-year contract.[426] Moreover, ace starter Justin Verlander signed a $180 million contract extension.[427] The Tigers placed six players on the 2013 American League All-Star team: Miguel Cabrera, Prince Fielder, Jhonny Peralta, Torii Hunter, Max Scherzer and Justin Verlander.[428] On September 25, the Tigers clinched their third consecutive AL Central Division title.[429] Tigers pitchers struck out 1,428 batters during the regular season, breaking the record of 1,404 held by the 2003 Chicago Cubs.[430] Cabrera (.348 average, 44 HR, 139 RBI) was voted the AL MVP for the second straight season,[431] while Scherzer (21–3, 2.90 ERA, 240 strikeouts) won the AL Cy Young Award.[432] The Tigers played the Oakland Athletics for the second straight year in the ALDS, and defeated the A's, 3–2.[433] The Tigers set a record by striking out 57 Oakland batters in the ALDS.[434] With his Game 5 gem, Verlander ran his postseason scoreless streak against Oakland to 30 innings.[435] The Tigers advanced to their third straight ALCS, where they played the Boston Red Sox for the first ever time in the postseason.[436] The Tigers would be defeated in six games.[437] 2014: Changes at the top Main article: 2014 Detroit Tigers season Jim Leyland, manager from 2006 to 2013 Jim Leyland stepped down from his managerial position after eight years with Detroit,[438] and the Tigers hired Brad Ausmus as Leyland's successor.[439] On November 20, 2013, the Tigers traded Prince Fielder to the Texas Rangers for three time All-Star second baseman Ian Kinsler plus cash considerations with regard to Fielder's remaining contract amount.[440] The Tigers later traded starting pitcher Doug Fister to the Washington Nationals for infielder Steve Lombardozzi Jr. and pitchers Ian Krol and Robbie Ray.[441] In an effort to improve a bullpen that often struggled in 2013, the Tigers signed veteran closer Joe Nathan to a two-year, $20 million contract, with a club option for 2016,[442] and later signed Joba Chamberlain to a one-year, $2.5 million deal.[443] On May 2, 2014, a month into the season, with the bullpen having a combined 5.37 ERA, which was 29th out of 30 in MLB, the Tigers signed free agent reliever Joel Hanrahan to a one-year contract.[444] However, he never came off the disabled list to pitch for the team.[445] The team further bolstered the bullpen near the MLB trading deadline, dealing pitchers Corey Knebel and Jake Thompson to the Texas Rangers in exchange for former All-Star closer Joakim Soria on July 23.[446] On July 31, with just hours left before the end of the non-waiver trade deadline, the Tigers traded pitcher Drew Smyly and shortstop Willy Adames to the Tampa Bay Rays, and Austin Jackson to the Seattle Mariners in a three-team deal to acquire pitcher David Price from the Rays.[447] With the acquisition of Price, the Tigers became the first team in major league history with three consecutive Cy Young Award winners in its starting rotation.[448] On September 28, the last day of the regular season, Price pitched a 3–0 gem against the Minnesota Twins, and the Tigers clinched their fourth consecutive AL Central Division title.[449] The 90–72 Tigers finished one game ahead of the Kansas City Royals.[450] The Tigers faced the Baltimore Orioles in the 2014 American League Division Series, where they were swept, 3–0.[451] J. D. Martinez became the first player in franchise history to hit home runs in his first two career postseason games. Both were part of back-to-back homers, with Víctor Martínez and Nick Castellanos in Games 1 and 2, respectively.[452] 2015: Mid-season Reboot Main article: 2015 Detroit Tigers season Brad Ausmus continued to manage the Tigers for a second season. Free agents Max Scherzer and Torii Hunter left for other teams at the end of the year, while Rick Porcello, Eugenio Suárez, Robbie Ray, and prospect Devon Travis were all lost through trades. On the receiving end, the Tigers traded for slugger Yoenis Céspedes, relief pitcher Alex Wilson, speedy outfielder Anthony Gose and starting pitchers Alfredo Simón and Shane Greene.[453][454][455][456][457] After winning the first six games of the year in record-breaking fashion, the season slowly went downhill for the Tigers.[458] Inconsistent pitching, division rivals outperforming expectations, and injuries to multiple players, including Joe Nathan, who only appeared in one game, Victor Martínez, and career first stints on the disabled list for Justin Verlander and Miguel Cabrera, sent the team below the .500 mark as the trade deadline came and the decision was made to "reboot" the team.[459][460] Within a two-day span in late July, the Tigers traded David Price, Joakim Soria and Cespedes, receiving six well regarded prospects in return, including Daniel Norris and Michael Fulmer.[461] On August 4, longtime general manager Dave Dombrowski was released by the team, with assistant GM Al Avila being promoted to general manager and president of baseball operations.[462] Despite difficulties, the Tigers still ended up sending four players to the 2015 MLB All-Star Game: Miguel Cabrera received his 10th career All-Star selection and the starting nod, but could not play due to injury; David Price received his 5th career selection as well as the credit for the win for the American League; and J.D. Martinez and Jose Iglesias both received their first career All-Star selections.[463][464] The Tigers ended the season in last place in the AL Central Division with a record of 74–87.[465] The pitching staff was one of the worst in MLB, ending 27th in ERA, 28th in FIP, and 27th in WHIP.[466] However, the team also ended with a team batting average of .270, the best in MLB,[467] while Miguel Cabrera finished with the highest player batting average in the AL and MLB (.338), earning his fourth batting title in five years.[468] 2016 Main article: 2016 Detroit Tigers season Brad Ausmus and the Tigers entered the 2016 season with new pitching coach Rich Dubee and 9 out of 25 members of the 2015 roster being replaced through trades and free agency. Prominent additions included two highly sought free agents, starting pitcher Jordan Zimmermann and outfielder Justin Upton, as well as players acquired through trades: outfielder Cameron Maybin, and the veteran closer Francisco Rodriguez, who led a totally revamped bullpen.[469] The Tigers lost two 2016 draft picks due to free agent compensation but, because of their bottom-ten finish in 2015, they kept their first round pick.[470] Key veteran losses include catcher Alex Avila and outfielder Rajai Davis, who both signed free agent deals with other teams in the division.[471][472] The Tigers finished the season with a record of 86–75, eight games behind the first place Cleveland Indians.[473] Detroit was the final team to fall out of contention for a wild card spot, losing Saturday and Sunday games to the Atlanta Braves, while the two teams they were chasing, Baltimore and Toronto, got needed wins.[474][475] Pitcher Michael Fulmer, acquired from the New York Mets organization in 2015, won the 2016 AL Rookie of the Year Award.[476] Rebuilding (2017–present) 2017 Main article: 2017 Detroit Tigers season Mike Ilitch, the Tigers owner since 1992, died at the age of 87 on February 10, 2017.[477] The team remains in an Ilitch family trust, under the leadership of Mike's son, Christopher Ilitch.[478][479] Like the Detroit Red Wings, the Tigers honored their owner in multiple ways, the most prominent being a "Mr. I" uniform patch.[480] After a disappointing record through the All-Star break, the Tigers began committing to a rebuild, trading J. D. Martinez,[481] Alex Avila and Justin Wilson in July,[482] plus Justin Upton and Justin Verlander in August.[483][484] On September 22, the Tigers announced that the team would not extend manager Brad Ausmus' contract past the 2017 season, ending his four-year tenure as manager. Under the management of Ausmus, the Tigers had a record of 314–332 (.486 winning percentage) and won one AL Central division title in 2014.[485] The Tigers went 6–24 in September, ending the season in a tie for the worst record in MLB with the San Francisco Giants. However, due to a tiebreaker, the Tigers were awarded the number one overall pick in the 2018 MLB Draft.[486] 2018 Main article: 2018 Detroit Tigers season On October 20, 2017, the Tigers announced that Ron Gardenhire and the team had reached a three-year agreement for the former Minnesota Twins skipper to succeed Brad Ausmus as the team's manager.[487] While rebuilding with young players, the team also lost slugger Miguel Cabrera and expected ace pitcher Michael Fulmer to extensive stints on the disabled list.[488][489] This led the team to the same 64–98 record as the previous year, the fifth worst record in MLB, but still good for third place in a very weak AL Central division.[490][491][492] 2019 Main article: 2019 Detroit Tigers season Significant changes to the 2019 season opening roster include the departure of José Iglesias, and the one-year signings of the middle infield tandem of Jordy Mercer and Josh Harrison, both formerly of the Pittsburgh Pirates.[493][494][495] On March 19, it was announced that Michael Fulmer would undergo Tommy John surgery and miss the 2019 season.[496] The Tigers finished the season with a 47–114 record, the worst in all of Major League Baseball, and their second worst season in franchise history after their 43–119 record in 2003.[497] The 2019 Tigers tied the 1939 St. Louis Browns for the most home losses (59) during a season in the modern era.[498] 2020 Main article: 2020 Detroit Tigers season On April 6, Al Kaline died at the age of 85. Kaline had been affiliated with the team for 67 years, most recently as an executive.[499] The Tigers wore a No. 6 patch to honor him.[500] In the shortened 60-game season due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Tigers remained in playoff contention heading into September.[501] On September 19, manager Ron Gardenhire announced his retirement from baseball effective immediately, citing health concerns. Bench coach Lloyd McClendon was named interim manager for the remainder of the season.[502] The Tigers ultimately faded down the stretch, finishing with a 23–35 record.[503] 2021 Main article: 2021 Detroit Tigers season On October 30, 2020, the Tigers hired A. J. Hinch as manager.[504][505] On May 18, 2021, Spencer Turnbull pitched the eighth no-hitter in Tigers history against the Seattle Mariners. Turnbull became the first Tigers player to throw a no-hitter since Justin Verlander on May 7, 2011.[506] The Tigers finished the season with a 77–85 record.[507] This outperformed preseason predictions for the team, most of which said the Tigers would finish last.[508][509][510] 2022 Main article: 2022 Detroit Tigers season On August 10, 2022, the Tigers fired Al Avila as general manager.[511] On September 19, 2022, the Tigers hired Scott Harris as president of baseball operations.[512] The Tigers finished the season with a 66–96 record and had one of the worst offense in the league.[513] On October 25, 2022, the Tigers hired Rob Metzler as vice president and assistant general manager.[514] 2023 Main article: 2023 Detroit Tigers season On September 21, 2023, the Tigers hired Jeff Greenberg as general manager.[515] The Tigers finished the season with a 78–84 record, and in second place in the division.[516] This was the final season for long-time Tigers slugger Miguel Cabrera, who announced he would retire from playing. Following his retirement he joined the Tigers' front office as a special assistant to Scott Harris.[517] Best seasons in Detroit Tigers history Best seasons in Detroit Tigers history RankYearWinsLossesWin % Finish 1193410153.656Lost 1934 World Series to Cardinals 2191510054.6492nd in AL behind Red Sox 319099854.645Lost 1909 World Series to Pirates 4198410458.642Won 1984 World Series over Padres 5196810359.636Won 1968 World Series over Cardinals 6196110161.6232nd in AL behind Yankees 719509559.6172nd in AL behind Yankees 819359358.616Won 1935 World Series over Cubs 919079258.613Lost 1907 World Series to Cubs 1019879864.605Lost 1987 ALCS to Twins Worst seasons in Detroit Tigers history Worst seasons in Detroit Tigers history RankYearWinsLossesWin % 1200343119.265 2201947114.292 3195250104.325 4199653109.327 5200255106.342 6197557102.358 7198959103.364 819025283.385 919536094.390 102017 and 20186498.395 Payroll Total team payroll[518] YearAmount 2007$93,880,369 2008$137,685,196 2009$115,085,145 2010$122,864,928 2011$105,700,231 2012$138,800,000 2013$151,420,000 2014$172,571,526 2015$172,282,250 2016$180,855,981 2017$180,250,600 2018$111,286,000 2019$104,581,900 2020$43,164,880 (60-game season) 2021$85,648,945 Nickname Tiger Stadium, home of the Tigers from 1912 to 1999, at the corner of Michigan and Trumbull Avenues in the Corktown district of Detroit There are various legends about how the Tigers got their nickname.[519][520] One involves the striped socks they wore.[519][520][521] George Stallings, the team's manager, took credit for the name. However, the earliest known use of it appeared in the Detroit Free Press on April 16, 1895, a year prior to Stallings joining the team.[519][520][522] In the book A Place for Summer: A Narrative History of Tiger Stadium, Richard Bak states that the name originated from the Detroit Light Guard military unit, who were known as "The Tigers". They had played significant roles in certain Civil War battles and in the 1898 Spanish–American War. Upon entry into the majors, the ballclub sought and received formal permission from the Light Guard to use its trademark. From that day forth, the team has been known as the Tigers.[519][520] Rivalries Chicago White Sox Main article: Tigers–White Sox rivalry The series between the Tigers and Chicago White Sox is one of the oldest active rivalries in the league today. Both teams joined the American League in 1901 after being charter members of the original Western League. Both have actively played one another annually for over 120 seasons. As is often the case between professional sports teams located in Chicago or Detroit, there usually exists a rivalry as such with the Bulls–Pistons rivalry of the NBA, the Blackhawks–Red Wings rivalry of the NHL, and the Bears–Lions rivalry of the NFL.[523] Despite playing one another for over 2,200 games, both teams have yet to meet in the postseason.[524][525] Divisional The Tigers also maintain divisional rivalries with the Cleveland Guardians, the Kansas City Royals, and the Minnesota Twins.[526][527][528] The rivalry with Cleveland came to a head when the Tigers played at Progressive Field on August 7, 2013, with the teams first and second in the AL Central standings. Many Tigers fans who made the short trip to Cleveland started several "Let's go Tigers!" chants while the game was tied in the 9th inning. Cleveland fans countered with a "Detroit's bankrupt!" chant, in reference to the city's 2013 bankruptcy. Footage of the game from SportsTime Ohio that had the chants clearly audible quickly went viral, with many baseball fans on social media criticizing Cleveland fans for the chant due to the circumstances of Detroit's financial situation.[529] The Tigers ended up defeating Cleveland 6–5 in 14 innings.[530] Other teams The Tigers have a holdover rivalry with the Toronto Blue Jays due to when the Tigers competed in the AL East.[531] Additionally, the Tigers have had some rivalries with NL teams that they have faced repeatedly in the World Series, such as the Chicago Cubs (four times) and St. Louis Cardinals (three times).[532][533] In interleague play, the Pittsburgh Pirates are the Tigers' "natural rival."[534] Fanbase There are numerous Tigers fans along the Lake Erie region throughout the state of Michigan, northwestern Ohio, southwestern Ontario, as well as a small fan base in and around the Erie, Pennsylvania area, due in part to Detroit's proximity to these regions as well as the presence of the Tigers' Double-A affiliate Erie SeaWolves in northwestern Pennsylvania.[535][536][537][538][539] The Tigers have their Triple-A affiliate Toledo Mud Hens in Toledo, Ohio in addition to their Double-A affiliate in Erie.[540] The cities of Windsor and Sarnia, Ontario, have large fan bases of loyal Tigers fans.[536][537] The Tigers continue to develop a strong and long line of baseball fans in Ontario; the majority of baseball fans in southwestern Ontario are considered Tigers loyalists.[536][537] Home attendance Tigers opening day 2007; view from section 324 at Comerica Park Comerica Park Home attendance at Comerica Park[541] YearTotal attendanceGame averageLeague rank 20002,438,61730,1067th 20011,921,30523,7209th 20021,503,62318,79512th 20031,368,24516,89213th 20041,917,00423,6679th 20052,024,43124,99310th 20062,595,93732,0495th 20073,047,13332,7193rd 20083,202,64539,5393rd 20092,567,16531,6934th 20102,461,23730,3866th 20112,642,04532,6186th 20123,028,03337,3835th 20133,083,39738,0673rd 20142,917,20936,0154th 20152,726,04833,6555th 20162,493,85931,1737th 20172,321,59928,6627th 20181,856,97022,92610th 20191,501,43018,53612th 2020N/A (COVID-19 pandemic)N/AN/A 20211,102,62313,61211th 20221,575,54419,21410th 20231,612,87619,91212th Rally cry During the 1968 season, the team was cheered on by the phrase, "Go Get 'Em, Tigers", which was made popular by a song of the same name written and recorded by Artie Fields.[542] "Sock it to 'em, Tigers!" was also a popular phrase during this time.[543][544] During the 1984 World Series championship run, the team was cheered on to the cry, "Bless You Boys," a phrase coined by sportscaster Al Ackerman.[229][230][545] In 2005, the team began using the phrase "Who's Your Tiger?" as its slogan.[546] During the 2006 season, a rally cry caught on in the Tigers' dugout. In a June game against the New York Yankees, Tigers pitcher Nate Robertson was featured in an in-game interview with FSN Detroit. During the interview, Robertson began to stuff Big League Chew bubble gum into his mouth. The Tigers would spark a rally, in which they came back to tie the game. As a result, the phrase "Gum Time" became popular.[547][548] Additionally, the chant of a local man, the late James Van Horn, who patrolled the streets around Comerica Park yelling out "Eat 'Em Up Tigers! Eat 'Em Up!", was very popular.[549] In 2009, the team used the phrase "Always a Tiger" as its slogan.[550] In 2011, the slogan was switched back to "Who's Your Tiger?"[546] During the 2018 season, a rally cry caught on with both players and fans. In a May game against them Los Angeles Angels, a goose appeared on the field during a second rain delay. After a few minutes, it left the field only to fly into the scoreboard. The goose was unharmed. When the game resumed, the Tigers scored five runs in the sixth inning and won the game, 6–1. As a result, the goose was referred to as the "Rally Goose" and the phrase became popular.[551][552] Uniforms and logos Primary logo 2016–present Cap logo 1924–present. It is orange for road games. Logo used on the home jersey until 2018. It was also the primary logo prior to 2016. See also: Major League Baseball § MLB uniforms Outfielder Ron LeFlore wearing the traditional Tigers home uniform with navy blue piping down the front and an Old English "D" on the left chest The Tigers have worn essentially the same home uniform since 1934 — solid white jersey with navy blue piping down the front and an Old English "D" on the left chest, white pants, navy blue hat with a white letter D in the blackletter or textur/textualis typeface associated with Middle and Early Modern English and popularly referred to as "Old English" even though it was not used for that language.[553][554] On the Tigers' road uniforms, the D on their hats is orange and a script "Detroit" appears across the jersey. A version of the team's blackletter D was first seen on Tigers uniforms in 1904, after using a simple block D in 1903. The blackletter D appeared frequently after that until being established in 1934.[553][554] In 1960, the Tigers changed their uniform to read "Tigers" in script form, but the change only lasted one season before the traditional uniform was reinstated.[554][555] The Tigers used to have different versions of the Old English D on the cap and jersey.[553][556] In 2018, the Tigers changed the classic curved logo on their home uniforms to match that of the sharp-cornered hat logo; additionally, the logo on the cap was enlarged.[553][557][558] In 2019, the Tigers reverted to the smaller logo on the cap, but kept the cap curved 'D' on the home jerseys.[559] In 2023, the Tigers entered into a uniform sponsorship deal with Michigan-based supermarket chain Meijer. The patch, which is located on either sleeve depending on the player's handedness, matches the colors of the team's uniforms.[560] Unique characteristics of the Tigers uniforms: The Tigers are the only team in Major League Baseball to have a color on their road uniforms that is not on their home uniforms (orange). The Tigers first added orange to their road uniform in 1903, but it was not until 1972 that the Tigers made orange an accent color on their road uniforms full-time. The Tigers also wore the "orange D" navy caps at home during the late 1940s through the 1950s.[561][562][563] The Tigers' uniforms have more belt loops than those of any other team, owing to the fact that their uniform pants do not feature the wide "tunnel" loops that appear on most baseball pants.[564] Alternate jerseys: In 1995, the Tigers introduced a solid navy blue alternate jersey, which featured the team's primary logo at the time, a tiger stepping through the D, on the chest. It was worn for one home game.[565] The Tigers wear the throwback jerseys of the Detroit Stars for their annual Negro Leagues Tribute Game in order to pay tribute to the Negro leagues players and their contributions to the game of baseball.[566] The Tigers wear a white and navy blue home jersey with "Tigres" across the chest for their annual "¡Fiesta Tigres!" game to recognize and honor the contributions of Hispanic and Latino players and coaches to the game of baseball.[567] Like all of MLB, the Tigers wore a highly stylized and brightly colored jersey for Players Weekend. In the inaugural games from August 25–27, 2017, their away jerseys were grey with bright orange with "Tigers" on the chest, the orange cap had a tiger instead of the Old English "D" on it. Players were also encouraged to use nicknames on the back of their jerseys.[568] In the 2018 season, the Tigers wore a blue jersey with orange sleeves that said "Tigers" on the chest, with an orange cap that had a tiger on it.[569] Baseball Hall of Famers Detroit Tigers Hall of Famers Affiliation according to the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum Detroit Tigers Sparky Anderson1[570] Earl Averill[571] Ed Barrow[572] Jim Bunning2[573] Ty Cobb[574] Mickey Cochrane3[575] Sam Crawford[576] Larry Doby[577] Billy Evans[578] Rick Ferrell[579] Charlie Gehringer[580] Joe Gordon[581] Goose Goslin[582] Hank Greenberg[583] Bucky Harris[584] Harry Heilmann[585] Whitey Herzog[586] Waite Hoyt[587] Hughie Jennings4[588] Al Kaline[219] George Kell[589] Jim Leyland[590] Heinie Manush5[591] Eddie Mathews[592] Jack Morris[593] Hal Newhouser[594] Iván Rodríguez[595] Al Simmons[596] Sam Thompson[597] Alan Trammell[598] Players and managers listed in bold are depicted on their Hall of Fame plaques wearing a Tigers cap insignia. 1Although Sparky Anderson is depicted on his Hall of Fame plaque wearing a Cincinnati Reds cap insignia, the Hall recognizes the Tigers as his primary team.[570] 2Although Jim Bunning is depicted on his Hall of Fame plaque wearing a Philadelphia Phillies cap insignia, the Hall recognizes the Tigers as his primary team.[573] 3Although Mickey Cochrane is depicted on his Hall of Fame plaque wearing a Tigers cap insignia, the Hall recognizes the Philadelphia Athletics as his primary team.[575] 4Although Hughie Jennings is depicted on his Hall of Fame plaque wearing a Tigers cap insignia, the Hall recognizes the Baltimore Orioles as his primary team.[588] 5Although Heinie Manush is depicted on his Hall of Fame plaque wearing a Tigers cap insignia, the Hall recognizes the Washington Senators as his primary team.[591] Ford C. Frick Award recipients Detroit Tigers Ford C. Frick Award recipients Affiliation according to the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum Ernie Harwell[599] Names in bold received the award based primarily on their work as broadcasters for the Tigers. Michigan Sports Hall of Fame Mickey Cochrane Sam Crawford Charlie Gehringer Harry Heilmann George Kell Lou Whitaker Main article: Michigan Sports Hall of Fame Detroit Tigers in the Michigan Sports Hall of Fame[600] No.NamePositionTenureNotes —Frank NavinOwner1908–1935Born in Adrian. —Walter Briggs Sr.Owner1919–1935Born in Ypsilanti. —John FetzerOwner1961–1983 —Mike IlitchOwner1992–2017Born and raised in Detroit. —Marian IlitchOwner1992Born and raised in Dearborn. —Jim CampbellExecutive1962–1983 1978–1990 1990–1992 —Ty TysonBroadcaster1927-1942 —Paul CareyBroadcaster1973–1991Born and raised in Mount Pleasant. —Ernie HarwellBroadcaster1960–1991 1993–2002 —Van PatrickBroadcaster1949, 1952–1959 —Ray LaneBroadcaster1967–1972, 1999-2003 —Frank BeckmannBroadcaster1995-2003 —Ty CobbCF Manager1905–1926 1921–1926 —Sam CrawfordOF1903–1917 —Wish EganP1902Born and raised in Evart. —Harry HeilmannRF/1B Broadcaster1914 1916–1929 —Hughie JenningsIF Manager1907, 1909–1910, 1912, 1918 1907–1920 —Heinie ManushLF1923–1927 —George MullinP1902–1913 1Lou Whitaker2B1977–1995 2Charlie Gehringer2B GM1924–1942 1951–1953Grew up near Fowlerville. Attended the University of Michigan. 3Mickey CochraneC Manager1934–1937 1934–1938 3Dick McAuliffe2B/SS1960–1973 3Alan TrammellSS Coach Manager1977–1996 1999 2003–2005 4Goose GoslinLF1934–1937 4Rudy York1B1934, 1937–1945 4Charlie MaxwellLF1955–1962Born in Lawton. Attended Western Michigan University. 5Hank Greenberg1B1930, 1933–1941 1945–1946 5, 20Vic WertzRF/1B1947–1952 1961–1963 5Jim NorthrupOF1964–1974Born in Breckenridge. Attended Alma College. 6Al KalineRF Broadcaster1953–1974 7Billy RogellSS1930–1939 7, 26Harvey KuennOF/SS1952–1959 7Rick LeachOF/1B1981–1983Born in Ann Arbor. Attended the University of Michigan. 10Tommy BridgesP1930–1943 1945–1946 10Jim LeylandManager2006–2013 11Sparky AndersonManager1979–1995 11Bill FreehanC1961, 1963–1976Born and raised in Detroit. Attended the University of Michigan. 13Lance ParrishC1977–1986 14Schoolboy RoweP1933–1942 14, 15Jim BunningP1955–1963Elected mainly for his performance with Philadelphia Phillies. 15, 21George Kell3B Broadcaster1946–1952 1959–1963 1965–1996 16Hal NewhouserP1939–1953Born and raised in Detroit. 17Denny McLainP1963–1970 18John HillerP1965–1970 1972–1980 20Billy PierceP1945, 1948Elected mainly for his performance with Chicago White Sox. Born in Detroit and grew up in Highland Park. 21Barney McCoskyOF1939–1942, 1946Grew up in Detroit. 21, 30Don LundOF1949, 1952–1954Born and raised in Detroit. Attended the University of Michigan. 21Willie HernándezP1984–1989 22Virgil TrucksP1941–1952, 1956 23Willie HortonLF/DH1963–1977Born and raised in Detroit. Attended Detroit Northwestern High School. 23Kirk GibsonOF Coach Broadcaster1979–1987 1993–1995 2003–2005Born in Pontiac. Grew up in Waterford and attended Michigan State University. 24Mickey StanleyCF1964–1978Grew up in Grand Rapids. 25Norm Cash1B Broadcaster1960–1974 26Gates BrownLF Coach1963–1975 1978–1984 26Frank TananaP1985–1992Grew up in Detroit. 29Mickey LolichP1963–1975 47Jack MorrisP Broadcaster1977–1990 Retired numbers and honorees See also: List of Major League Baseball retired numbers This is how the retired numbers and honored names are displayed on the outfield walls at Comerica Park: In left field:[601][602][603] 23 Willie Horton LF, DH Retired July 15, 2000 TC Ty Cobb CF Manager Honored 2000 5 Hank Greenberg 1B Retired June 12, 1983 2 Charlie Gehringer 2B Coach, GM Retired June 12, 1983 16 Hal Newhouser P Retired July 27, 1997 6 Al Kaline RF Broadcaster Executive Retired August 17, 1980 47 Jack Morris P Retired August 12, 2018 3 Alan Trammell SS Coach, Mgr Retired August 26, 2018 1 Lou Whitaker 2B Retired August 6, 2022 In right field:[601] HH Harry Heilmann RF, 1B Honored 2000 HM Heinie Manush LF Honored 2000 HJ Hughie Jennings Manager Honored 2000 SC Sam Crawford OF Honored 2000 MC Mickey Cochrane C Manager Honored 2000 GK George Kell 3B Broadcaster Honored 2000 EH Ernie Harwell Broadcaster Honored 2000 11 Sparky Anderson Manager Retired June 26, 2011 42 Jackie Robinson – All MLB Honored April 15, 1997 Ty Cobb, Harry Heilmann, Heinie Manush, Hughie Jennings, and Sam Crawford are honored by their names on the wall at Comerica Park. They all played in an era where numbers were not worn on jerseys.[602][604][585][591][588][576] Though their numbers are not officially retired, the names of Mickey Cochrane and George Kell are displayed at Comerica Park to honor their contributions to the Detroit Tigers organization. Cochrane wore No. 3, later retired for Alan Trammell, and Kell wore No. 21 for five years, 7 for two years, and 15 for one year.[604] They both entered the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum as Detroit Tigers, and their plaques in the Hall show them wearing the Tigers' cap.[575][589] Al Kaline was also a TV color commentator for the Tigers from 1975 to 2002.[605] George Kell was also a play-by-play announcer for the Tigers from 1959 to 1963 and again from 1965 to 1996.[589] Ernie Harwell spent 42 years (in two stints) calling Tigers games on radio and television.[606] Jackie Robinson's No. 42 was retired throughout Major League Baseball in 1997.[601] Almost all the players with retired numbers (and Ty Cobb) also have statues of themselves that sit behind their names, which are painted on the left-center field wall.[607] National Avenue, which runs behind the third-base stands at the Tigers' previous home Tiger Stadium, was renamed Cochrane Street for Mickey Cochrane.[608] Cherry Street, which runs behind the left-field stands at Tiger Stadium, was renamed Kaline Drive for Al Kaline.[609] Team captains Bill Coughlin 1907–1908[610] Germany Schaefer 1907–1909[611] George Moriarty 1911–1916[612] Brad Ausmus 1999[613][614] Doug Brocail 1999[613][614] Dean Palmer 1999[613][614] Award winners Main article: Detroit Tigers award winners and league leaders Roster Detroit Tigers rostervte Active rosterInactive rosterCoaches/Other Pitchers Starting rotation 9 Jack Flaherty 18 Kenta Maeda 12 Casey Mize 45 Reese Olson 29 Tarik Skubal Bullpen 17 Andrew Chafin 49 Alex Faedo 68 Jason Foley 87 Tyler Holton 55 Alex Lange 7 Shelby Miller 19 Will Vest 43 Joey Wentz Catchers 15 Carson Kelly 34 Jake Rogers Infielders 28 Javier Báez 77 Andy Ibáñez 33 Colt Keith 20 Spencer Torkelson 13 Gio Urshela Outfielders 21 Mark Canha 30 Kerry Carpenter 31 Riley Greene 39 Zach McKinstry 22 Parker Meadows 8 Matt Vierling Pitchers 4 Beau Brieske 53 Mason Englert 59 Wilmer Flores 66 Sawyer Gipson-Long 25 Matt Manning 54 Keider Montero 52 Brendan White Catchers 38 Dillon Dingler Infielders 70 Buddy Kennedy 32 Ryan Kreidler 51 Eddys Leonard 46 Wenceel Pérez Outfielders 60 Akil Baddoo Manager 14 A. J. Hinch Coaches 37 Keith Beauregard (hitting) 90 Michael Brdar (hitting) 98 Chris Chinea (bullpen catcher) 56 Joey Cora (third base) 41 Chris Fetter (pitching) 99 Anthony Iapoce (first base) 44 Gary Jones (major league coach) 26 George Lombard (bench) 63 Robin Lund (assistant pitching) 61 Juan Nieves (assistant pitching) 97 Tim Remes (bullpen catcher) 83 Ryan Sienko (catching) 91 Lance Zawadzki (assistant hitting) 26 active, 13 inactive 7-, 10-, or 15-day injured list # Personal leave Roster and coaches updated March 28, 2024 Transactions • Depth chart → All MLB rosters Minor league affiliations Main article: List of Detroit Tigers minor league affiliates The Detroit Tigers farm system consists of seven minor league affiliates.[615] ClassTeamLeagueLocationBallparkAffiliated Triple-AToledo Mud HensInternational LeagueToledo, OhioFifth Third Field1987 Double-AErie SeaWolvesEastern LeagueErie, PennsylvaniaUPMC Park2001 High-AWest Michigan WhitecapsMidwest LeagueComstock Park, MichiganLMCU Ballpark1997 Single-ALakeland Flying TigersFlorida State LeagueLakeland, FloridaPublix Field at Joker Marchant Stadium1963 RookieFCL TigersFlorida Complex LeagueLakeland, FloridaPublix Field at Joker Marchant Stadium1995 DSL Tigers 1Dominican Summer LeagueSan Pedro de Macorís, San Pedro de MacorísDetroit Tigers Academy1992 DSL Tigers 22022 Broadcasters Ernie Harwell served as a broadcaster for the Tigers from 1960–1991, 1993–2002 Radio Main article: Detroit Tigers Radio Network The Tigers' current flagship radio station is WXYT-FM (97.1 FM).[616] Dan Dickerson does play-by-play with Andy Dirks, Craig Monroe, and Bobby Scales rotating on color commentary. On games where Dickerson is assigned to work on television, Greg Gania, the radio voice of the Erie SeaWolves, the Tigers' Double-A affiliate, serves as an alternate.[617] Games are syndicated throughout Michigan, Toledo and Archbold, Ohio.[616] Television As of 2024, the Tigers' current exclusive local television rights holder is Bally Sports Detroit, which picked up the rights in 1998 taking them away from Pro-Am Sports System, owned by Post-Newsweek Stations.[618] The Tigers renewed in 2008, over a bid from a rival regional sports channel by Dish Network and AT&T's U-verse,[619] apparently until 2021. Through 25 games in 2017, their games have averaged a 5.57 rating, which was fifth in the major league.[618] During the 2016 season, the Tigers averaged a 7.56 rating and 138,000 viewers on primetime TV broadcasts.[620] The Tigers' television broadcast team consists of Jason Benetti on play-by-play and former Tigers players Kirk Gibson, Todd Jones, Craig Monroe, Carlos Peña, and Dan Petry rotating on color commentary. On games where Benetti is assigned to work for Fox Sports, Dan Dickerson serves as an alternate.[621][617] Former Main article: List of Detroit Tigers broadcasters Franchise records Main article: Detroit Tigers team records Facilities The team maintains a training center in the Dominican Republic.[622] See also List of Detroit Tigers seasons Detroit Tigers all-time roster List of Detroit Tigers owners and executives Notes

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